Functional Potential of Native Microbial Communities in Detoxifying Heavy Metals from Industrial Soils

Abstract

This study evaluates the bioremediation potential of indigenous microbial consortia sourced from heavy metal-contaminated soils in the Jeedimetla industrial area, Hyderabad, India (17.52835° N, 78.44501° E, 17.52690° N, 78.44503° E, 17.52759° N, 78.44357° E and 17.52748° N, 78.44172° E), Hyderabad, India. Physico-chemical analysis indicated elevated levels of Cd, Pb, Cr, Zn, and phenolic compounds, with cadmium exceeding permissible limits by over 20-fold. Employing enrichment culture methodologies, consortia of Pseudomonas and Bacillus  species were carefully cultivated and evaluated for their heavy metal tolerance and biodegradation capabilities. Microcosm experiments demonstrated a 60-75% reduction in bioavailable metal concentrations and a 50-60% degradation of phenol and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during a 60-day duration. Molecular identification via 16S rRNA sequencing and community profiling revealed functional traits like siderophore production, phosphate solubilization, and biosurfactant activity. A comparative analysis with international remediation studies emphasized the ecological importance and functional resilience of indigenous consortia. The results indicate the feasibility of employing site-adapted microbial communities for the comprehensive bioremediation of intricate industrial pollutants.