Geospatial Assessment of Land Use Land Cover Dynamics and Peri-Urban Expansion in the Bidadi Industrial Corridor, Bengaluru Metropolitan Periphery, Karnataka

Abstract

Peri-urban landscapes are undergoing profound transformations driven by accelerated urban expansion, particularly along the rural–urban continuum. This investigation undertakes a sophisticated assessment of land use–land cover (LULC) dynamics, focusing on spatial delineation, temporal variation, and urban sprawl diagnostics within the Bidadi industrial belt, enclosed by a 5-kilometer analytical buffer. Multi-temporal geospatial interpretation was conducted utilizing high-resolution satellite datasets IRS LISS III (2012) and IRS LISS IV (2024) to capture the evolving anthropogenic imprints on the terrestrial matrix. LULC classifications followed NRSC's Level II classification, with field verification to enhance the accuracy. Key changes include a 176% increase in built-up land, a 92% rise in agricultural plantations, and a 63% growth in barren rocky areas. Cropland has decreased by 40%, degraded forest areas shrunk by 31%, and fallow land reduced by 5%. Grazing land was increased by 225%, while forest plantations and mixed vegetation decreased slightly. About 3% reduction in water bodies, and land without scrub surged by 700%. The 2024 LULC classification map demonstrated a robust overall accuracy of 93.87%, signifying high thematic reliability. Class-specific user’s accuracy values spanned from 82.35% to a perfect 100%, while producer’s accuracy ranged between 88.23% and 100%, underscoring the precision in both classification allocation and omission assessments. Furthermore, the Kappa coefficient yielded a value of 0.927, reflecting an exceptionally strong level of concordance beyond random chance, indicative of near-perfect classification agreement. Urban sprawl was directed towards the north and northwest direction, with ribbon and scattered sprawl patterns. Sustainable development practices are being increasingly emphasized in Bidadi to promote long-term environmental, social, and economic sustainability.