Formulation, Comparative Evaluation, and Stability Assessment of Multiple Topical Gel Formulations Containing Allium sativum and Trigonella foenum-graecum Seed Extracts for Enhanced Anti-inflammatory Efficacy

Abstract

This investigation focused on the development and comparative analysis of nine topical gel formulations incorporating aqueous extracts of Allium sativum (garlic) and Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek) seeds, aimed at enhancing anti-inflammatory properties. The gels were systematically evaluated through an array of tests including physicochemical characterization, phytochemical profiling, rheological behaviour, and stability assessments. Additionally, in vitro assays for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antifungal effects were conducted. Among the formulations, the combined gel FG3 demonstrated superior synergistic effects, exhibiting enhanced anti-inflammatory efficacy, optimized rheology, and improved storage stability compared to formulations containing individual extracts or commercial products. These results endorse the potential of combined botanical extracts for the formulation of effective topical therapeutics targeting inflammatory skin conditions.