Management of Maternal Nutrition and Dietary Habits to Prevent Pre-Eclampsia in High-Risk Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Background. Numerous correlational studies suggest a significant relationship between nutrition, dietary patterns, and the incidence of hypertension in pregnancy or preeclampsia. Accordingly, there has been a rise in intervention studies aimed at reducing the risk of preeclampsia. However, the growing number of intervention studies and reviews has yet to establish the most reliable and effective approaches with certainty.

Aim. This systematic review aims to evaluate nutritional interventions and dietary habits in pregnant women for the prevention of preeclampsia.

Metode. The search utilized databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Wiley Online Library. Each study relevant to the topic was assessed for bias by an independent researcher. The included studies focused on dietary interventions, nutrition education, and eating behavior education.

Results. Thirteen studies were deemed eligible and were then reviewed narratively. In general, these studies analyzed the effectiveness of nutritional interventions such as the restriction of trans fatty acids (TFAs) or those that can increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL) sourced from animal (fish oil) and vegetable oils (olive oil, palm oil, etc.), as well as the restriction of salt and sugar intake. Education, consultation, and monitoring of nutritional needs during pregnancy in all analyzed studies showed very satisfactory results.

Conclusion. During pregnancy, it is crucial for mothers to pay full attention to proper food intake. Therefore, strict monitoring and increased maternal knowledge of the risk of preeclampsia are necessary.