Impact of Lifestyle and Dietary Interventions on Preeclampsia Prevention: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Abstract

Background: Preeclampsia is still one of the major causes of maternal and perinatal deaths worldwide. New studies are showing more and more the role of changing diet and lifestyle in the prevention of the disease. This systematic review and meta-analysis looked at the role of dietary and lifestyle interventions in preventing preeclampsia by incorporating the data from the latest clinical trials, observational studies, and global guidelines.

Methods: A thorough search across leading databases was done to locate research on diet-based interventions - covering calcium, vitamin D, folic acid, and multimicronutrient supplementation - and lifestyle methods like organized workout sessions and weight-control schemes. The qualifying articles were checked following the PRISMA procedure, and the information was combined with a random-effects method.

Results: Thirty-eight studies passed the filter. Starting calcium before conception or early in pregnancy cut preeclampsia risk sharply. Vitamin D and mixed micronutrients helped a bit, Mainly where levels were low at start. Exercise and weight advice added value, but diet plus lifestyle worked best overall. Global guidelines say the same - get nutrients early, target prevention where needed.

Conclusion: Dietary and lifestyle changes have a significant impact on lowering preeclampsia risk. Therefore, they need to be a part of standard antenatal care, especially for high-risk and nutrition-deficient groups. A combination of various factors, such as calcium intake through supplements, enough micronutrients, healthy food choices, and personal habit changes, can be a great way to lessen worldwide preeclampsia cases. More carefully planned experiments shall be made before making program decisions and providing recommendations, as there is room for increasing our pool of robust data