Investigating the Role of Gut–Brain Communication in Heart Disease: Systematic Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.64149/J.Carcinog.24.2s.973-981Keywords:
neuroimmune pathways, probiotics, hypertension, heart failure, TMAO, microbiota, cardiovascular disease, Gut–brain axisAbstract
Background:Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Recent evidence suggests that the gut–brain axis functions as a mechanistic modulator of cardiovascular health by linking gut microbiota, microbial metabolites, neuroimmune pathways, and cardiac outcomes.
Objective:This systematic review synthesizes current empirical evidence on the role of gut–brain communication in the development and progression of CVDs, including hypertension, heart failure, atherosclerosis, and stroke.
Methods:Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, we systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for relevant studies. Eligible studies included adult populations with CVDs reporting gut–brain axis variables such as dysbiosis, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Both observational and interventional studies were included.
Results:Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Most reported significant associations between gut microbial imbalance and adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Elevated TMAO and reduced SCFA levels were linked to increased systemic inflammation, arterial stiffness, and cardiac dysfunction. Evidence also supports potential benefits of probiotics, dietary modification, and lifestyle interventions.
Conclusions:The gut–brain axis represents an emerging, modifiable target in cardiovascular prevention and management. However, larger trials and personalized interventions are needed to translate these mechanistic insights into routine clinical practice..
