Prevalence and Sociodemographic Risk Factors of Human Papillomavirus Infection Among Women Attending A Tertiary Care Centre: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most common sexually transmitted viral infection worldwide and is strongly associated with cervical cancer and other anogenital malignancies. The burden of HPV infection remains particularly high in developing countries due to limited screening, lack of awareness, and poor vaccination coverage. Understanding the epidemiological and sociodemographic determinants of HPV infection is essential for developing targeted preventive strategies.

Aim: To determine the prevalence of HPV infection and evaluate the sociodemographic risk factors associated with HPV among women attending a tertiary care centre.

Materials and Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 women aged 21–65 years attending the gynecology outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital. Cervical samples were collected using sterile cervical brushes and preserved in transport medium. HPV DNA detection and genotyping were performed. Sociodemographic parameters such as age, occupation, education level, socioeconomic status, and residence were analyzed to determine their association with HPV infection.

Results: Out of 100 women screened, 23 were HPV positive, giving an overall prevalence of 23%. The highest prevalence was observed in women aged 21–30 years (35%). HPV infection was more common among housewives (23.08%), illiterate women (50%), low-income groups (25%), and rural residents (26.15%). Educational status and residence showed strong associations with HPV prevalence.

Conclusion: HPV infection remains a significant public health concern, particularly among women from rural and lower socioeconomic backgrounds. Increasing awareness, improving cervical cancer screening programs, and expanding HPV vaccination coverage are essential to reduce HPV-associated morbidity and mortality.