Determinants of Quality of Life in Women with Cervical Cancer: A Cross-Sectional study using the FACT-Cx Instrument

Abstract

Background: Women in Northeast India exhibit a significantly elevated risk of cervical cancer, a leading cause of mortality in the country. The significance of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is often overlooked, despite advancements in treatment options. This research aimed to investigate HRQoL, screening practices, and cervical cancer awareness in Tripura, India. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 384 cervical cancer patients at a tertiary hospital in Tripura (Mar 2022 – Dec 2024), using the FACT-Cx V4 questionnaire and structured interviews to assess sociodemographic variables and awareness. Quality of life predictors were assessed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA, and multiple linear regression, with significance set at p< 0.05. Result: The results indicated that 64% of participants lacked awareness of cervical cancer, 0% had received vaccination or screening for HPV, and 7% recognized HPV as a risk factor. The average FACT-Cx score was 127.9 ± 16.4, indicating diminished emotional and functional well-being, while social and physical well-being remained relatively intact. Significant factors affecting quality of life scores include age, education, marital status, number of children, socioeconomic level, and tobacco or organic compound usage (p < 0.05). An improved quality of life was independently associated with an early FIGO stage, elevated socioeconomic status, a combination of treatment modalities, advanced educational attainment, and awareness of cervical cancer.  Conclusion: Cervical cancer patients in Tripura demonstrate limited knowledge, low uptake of preventive measures, and considerable mental and physical health challenges. Addressing these gaps requires focused education, strengthened immunization and screening programs, and integrated psychosocial support.