Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics of Dengue: A Study on Prevalence, Demographics, and Seasonal Variation

Abstract

Dengue fever, a mosquito-borne viral disease, continues to pose significant public health challenges, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. Despite ongoing prevention efforts, the global incidence of dengue has increased in recent years, with outbreaks occurring more frequently in both urban and rural areas. This study aims to examine the prevalence of dengue, focusing on demographic variables such as age, gender, and geographic distribution, along with seasonal patterns and clinical manifestations. A total of 2,000 dengue cases were analyzed, with findings showing that the highest number of cases occurred in individuals aged 10-20 years, and that males were more frequently affected than females. Urban areas accounted for 70% of the total cases, with the majority of cases observed during the wet season, highlighting the role of climatic conditions in transmission. Clinical symptoms included fever (100%), rash (70%), joint pain (60%), and headache (75%). Severe forms of dengue, such as dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS), were observed in 10% of cases, with bleeding being the most common severe symptom. These results underscore the need for targeted mosquito control programs, early diagnosis, and effective clinical management to mitigate the growing burden of dengue. The study’s findings contribute to a better understanding of the epidemiological trends and clinical features of dengue, which are essential for designing more effective public health strategies.