Molecular And Biochemical Characterization of The Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Effects of Costus Pictus in Streptozotocin-Induced Experimental Diabetes

Abstract

In Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic Wistar rats, the aqueous (CPL-A), hydroalcoholic (CPL-H), and ethanolic (CPL-E) leaf extracts of Costus pictus were evaluated for their antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, and antioxidant properties. After receiving a single intraperitoneal dosage of STZ (60 mg/kg) to induce diabetes, the patient received treatment for 30 days. The reference standard was 10 mg/kg of glibenclamide. Blood glucose levels, lipid profiles, oxidative stress markers, and pancreatic histology were evaluated. When compared to the diabetic control, the results showed that all three extracts dramatically reduced blood glucose levels, with CPL-E having the strongest effect. Additionally, lipid irregularities were successfully repaired, particularly by CPL-E and CPL-H, which raised HDL levels while decreasing total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and VLDL. When compared to the diabetic control, the results showed that all three extracts dramatically reduced blood glucose levels, with CPL-E having the strongest effect. Histological findings confirmed the protective effect of CPL extracts on pancreatic tissue. Overall, the ethanolic extract (CPL-E) demonstrated the strongest therapeutic potential, comparable to Glibenclamide. These findings support the traditional use of Costus pictus in diabetes management and highlight its potential as a plant-based alternative for glycaemic control and metabolic regulation. To identify active ingredients and look into underlying mechanisms, more research is advised.