Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Medicinal Plant Extracts and Their Antimicrobial Applications in Topical Formulations

Abstract

The study examines the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) that are eco-friendly by using medicinal plant extracts and their incorporation in topical antimicrobial preparations. The study has used phytochemicals (alkaloids, flavonoids and tannins) as natural reducing and stabilizing agents, thereby exemplifying a sustainable alternative to the traditional chemical approach which generates stable nanoparticles with increased biocompatibility. AgNPs were synthesized, and their size, stability, crystalline structure, and zeta potential were determined using UV- Vis spectroscopy, analysis of particle size, FTIR and XRD where the AgNPs were found to be nanoscale. The antimicrobial testing showed a high-level Gram-positive and Gram-negative microbes and fungi susceptibility with the Punica granatum-derived nanoparticles exhibiting the strongest inhibitory effect and the lowest MIC values. The introduction of AgNPs in gel preparations produced skin-compatible products with favourable physicochemical qualities (pH, viscosity, spread ability) and high antimicrobial activity, especially Punica granatum-based gels. All in all, the results demonstrate that green-synthesized silver nanoparticles do not only resolve environmental and safety issues but also present a great therapeutic potential in topical use, providing a valuable and viable approach toward further combating microbial infections..