Comparision Of Meibomian Gland Morphology And Function In Tobacco Smokers Versus Chewing Tobacco Users
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.64149/J.Carcinog.24.4.339-346Keywords:
Meibomian gland dysfunction, smoking, chewing tobacco, dry eye, tear film, Schirmer’s test, TBUTAbstract
Background: Tobacco use, in both smoked and smokeless forms, is a recognized risk factor for systemic and ocular conditions. Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is a leading cause of evaporative dry eye, yet comparative data on the effects of smoking versus chewing tobacco on meibomian gland health remain scarce.
Aim: To evaluate and compare the morphological and functional changes in meibomian glands among tobacco smokers, chewing tobacco users, and non-users.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional observational study enrolled 120 participants categorized into three groups: smokers (n=40), chewing tobacco users (n=40), and non-tobacco users (n=40). All subjects underwent comprehensive ocular surface evaluation, including infrared meibography, Schirmer’s test, tear break-up time (TBUT), and Meibomian gland expressibility assessment. Statistical comparisons were made using ANOVA and Chi-square tests.
Results: Smokers exhibited the most pronounced meibomian gland dropout (60% severe), lowest TBUT (5.8 ± 0.9 s), and reduced Schirmer’s values (7.0 ± 1.2 mm). Chewing tobacco users demonstrated moderate alterations, while controls exhibited minimal dysfunction. OSDI scores were significantly higher in tobacco users (p < 0.001), indicating increased symptom severity.
Conclusion: Tobacco use is associated with significant meibomian gland dysfunction, with smokers exhibiting more severe structural and functional impairment than chewing tobacco users. These findings underscore the importance of early screening and cessation counseling to prevent long-term ocular surface damage.
