Work–Life Balance, Social Support, and Professional Quality of Life in End-of-Life Care Nurses: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

End-of-life care nurses operate in emotionally demanding environments that require sustained compassion, clinical expertise, and ethical sensitivity. These professionals often face high levels of stress, burnout, and moral distress, which can significantly impact their professional quality of life (ProQOL). This comprehensive review explores the interconnected roles of work–life balance, social support, and ProQOL in shaping the well-being and effectiveness of nurses in palliative and hospice care settings. Drawing from international literature, the review highlights how inadequate work–life balance contributes to emotional exhaustion and reduced job satisfaction, while robust social support systems—both formal and informal—serve as protective factors against occupational stress. The concept of ProQOL, encompassing compassion satisfaction, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress, is examined in relation to organizational culture, peer relationships, and personal coping strategies. Evidence suggests that interventions such as flexible scheduling, peer support groups, mental health resources, and leadership training can enhance nurse resilience and retention. Furthermore, the review emphasizes the need for culturally sensitive and inclusive approaches to support nurses from diverse backgrounds. By addressing these interrelated dimensions holistically, healthcare institutions can foster sustainable work environments that prioritize both caregiver well-being and quality patient care. The findings underscore the importance of systemic reforms and continued research to support nurses who provide compassionate care at life’s end.