Generation Z in the Healthcare Workforce: A Review of Their Values, Work Ethics, and Career Aspirations

Abstract

The healthcare sector is undergoing a significant generational shift as Generation Z (born 1997-2012) begins to enter the workforce. This cohort brings a distinct set of values and expectations that differ markedly from previous generations, presenting both challenges and opportunities for healthcare organizations. This review aims to synthesize current literature to delineate the core characteristics of Gen Z and their implications for the healthcare environment.The primary aim of this study is to comprehensively review the values, work ethics, and career aspirations of Generation Z within the context of the healthcare workforce. The methodology involved a systematic review of academic and industry literature published between 2015 and 2024, sourced from databases including PubMed, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar. Key search terms encompassed "Generation Z," "healthcare workforce," "work values," "career aspirations," and "healthcare management." Thematic analysis was employed to identify predominant patterns across the selected studies.Results indicate that Gen Z healthcare workers highly value work-life balance, seeking flexible scheduling and rejecting the culture of burnout prevalent in healthcare. They are digital natives who expect seamless technology integration to streamline workflows. A key driver is purpose and meaning; they are motivated by roles that have a clear, positive impact on patient care and social justice. Their work ethic is pragmatic and outcome-oriented, favoring efficiency over presenteeism. They exhibit a strong preference for continuous feedback and recognition, desiring frequent, constructive communication from supervisors. Consequently, their career aspirations often lean towards non-linear paths, including portfolio careers, specializations, and roles in health tech, rather than traditional lifelong tenure in a single institution.In conclusion, the integration of Generation Z necessitates a strategic evolution in healthcare leadership and organizational culture. To attract and retain this new generation, healthcare institutions must adapt by offering flexible work models, leveraging modern technology, providing clear pathways for growth, and fostering an authentic, purpose-driven mission. Failure to align with these values risks exacerbating the existing workforce shortages, while successful adaptation will be crucial for building a resilient and future-ready healthcare system.