Comparative Analysis of Primary Stability and Crestal Bone Loss in Photo-Functionalized Surface Treated Implants Using Platelet Rich Fibrin: An In-Vivo Study

Abstract

Aim: The present study aimed to evaluate and compare the primary stability and crestal bone loss in photo-functionalized surface-treated implants with and without the use of Platelet-Rich Fibrin (PRF).

Methodology: A total of 40 patients were enrolled and divided into two main groups: Group I (control) received untreated implants, while Group II (case) received photo-functionalized implants. Each group was further subdivided into subgroups with and without PRF application (n = 10 each). PRF was prepared by centrifugation of 20-40 ml venous blood at 3000 RPM within 15 to 20 minutes, the middle layer was removed and used. Photo-functionalization was done by exposing the implants to ultraviolet (UV) light during 15 minutes before implantation. All implants were fixed by standard surgical procedure under local anesthesia and stitched by interrupted means. The temperature of the implantation was measured by Resonance Frequency Analysis (RFA) and bone loss was measured on the radiograph by Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) at 2, 3 and 6 months post operative.

Results: PRF and photo-functionalization increased implant stability (P = 0.001), and implant stability was highest in the photo-functionalized + PRF group. In this subgroup, the process of osseointegration was faster and stronger. The PRF and photo-functionalization groups showed significantly fewer cases of crestal bone loss than controls and the minimal resorption was observed in the photo-functionalized + PRF subgroup (P = 0.001).

Conclusion: The PRF-photo-functionalization combination shows a synergistic effect, and the stability of the implants and peri-implant bone is better. The protocol is a useful complement of clinical implantology that may maximize long-term results.