Variation in Anatomy of the Anterior Nerve Loop Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography

Abstract

Background: The anterior loop (AL) of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) plays a crucial role in mandibular implant planning, as its location and length directly influence surgical outcomes and patient safety. Accurate identification of AL is vital to minimize iatrogenic injuries, such as paresthesia, and to optimize implant placement.

Objective:  This study aims to assess the variation in the anatomy of the AL in mandibular arches using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT), and to explore its correlation with anatomical types and clinical significance.

Methods:  A retrospective analysis was conducted using CBCT images to identify and measure the AL's presence, length, and anatomical variation across a sample population. The relationship between AL presence and mandibular nerve morphology was examined.

Results:  Approximately two-thirds of the subjects did not exhibit the AL, while one-third demonstrated its presence. The AL was associated with a greater mean length and was primarily linked to the Type-3 Y-shape. The absence of AL was predominantly observed in the Type-1 Y-shape, with a lesser occurrence in Type-2 T-shape. Variations in AL length were attributed to genetic, environmental, and anatomical factors, suggesting the need for population-specific surgical guidelines.

Conclusion:  CBCT provides superior 3D visualization for accurate AL identification, essential for preventing complications in mandibular implant surgeries. The findings underscore the importance of precise AL assessment in reducing the risks of nerve-related injuries, improving patient safety, and optimizing surgical outcomes