Environment of Research among Indian Medical Undergraduates: A Systematic Review analyzing the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice

Abstract

Background: Research competency is an essential skill for medical graduates in the 21st century. In India, while research is emphasized through the competency-based medical curriculum and initiatives such as the Short-Term Studentship (STS) program by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), limited systematic evidence exists regarding the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of research among undergraduate medical students. This systematic review aimed to critically synthesize published evidence on the knowledge, attitude, and practice of research among Indian medical undergraduates and to evaluate the challenges and enablers within their research environment.

Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar from January 2000 to June 2025. The review adhered to PRISMA guidelines. Studies included were cross-sectional surveys, qualitative studies, or mixed-methods designs assessing at least one domain of KAP among Indian medical undergraduates. Risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist. Data were synthesized narratively due to heterogeneity in study outcomes.

Results: A total of 37 eligible studies involving 18,742 participants across India were included. The pooled findings revealed that knowledge of research methodology among undergraduates was generally poor, with only 28–42% demonstrating adequate understanding. Despite this, a majority (65–78%) expressed a positive attitude towards research and recognized its importance in professional development. Actual participation in research practice remained low, with <30% having undertaken structured research projects beyond mandatory curriculum requirements. Barriers identified included lack of mentorship, inadequate training, time constraints, and limited institutional support. Facilitators included supportive faculty, research workshops, financial incentives, and structured programs such as ICMR-STS.

Conclusion: Indian medical undergraduates demonstrate enthusiasm and positive attitudes toward research but are hindered by inadequate knowledge, skill gaps, and systemic barriers. Strengthening research training in the undergraduate curriculum, expanding structured opportunities, and improving institutional mentorship are critical steps to foster a robust research culture in Indian medical education.