Association of the Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index with Subclinical Multiorgan Involvement in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: A Cross-Sectional Analytical Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.66838/Keywords:
Rheumatoid arthritis; Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index; Multiorgan involvement; Cardiac dysfunction; Renal impairment; Neurological manifestations; Inflammation biomarkersAbstract
Background
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease that causes progressive joint destruction and multisystem effects, contributing to cardiac, renal, and neurological complications. The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) is an inflammatory indicator derived from whole-blood cell counts and may provide clinically useful information about systemic inflammatory activity.
Aim
This study aims to evaluate the clinical utility of the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) in assessing subclinical cardiac, renal, and neurological involvement in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Methods
A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in 160 participants divided into four groups: 40 healthy individuals (control group), 40 patients with rheumatoid arthritis with low SII levels, 40 patients with moderate SII levels, and 40 patients with high SII levels. All participants underwent comprehensive clinical evaluation, laboratory investigations, inflammatory marker assessment, and relevant cardiac, renal, and neurological examinations and imaging. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between SII and subclinical multiorgan involvement after adjustment for relevant clinical and inflammatory variables.
Results
The results showed higher SII values among patients with rheumatoid arthritis than among healthy controls, with the highest values observed in patients with subclinical multiorgan involvement. Higher SII levels were associated with greater inflammatory activity and with subclinical cardiac, renal, and neurological abnormalities. Multivariable logistic regression demonstrated an independent association between SII and subclinical multiorgan involvement.
Conclusion
The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) may serve as a simple and accessible biomarker associated with subclinical cardiac, renal, and neurological involvement in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
