Perinatal Outcome in Patients with Polyhydramnios in Uncomplicated Term Pregnancies

Abstract

Objectives: To evaluate the perinatal outcomes of polyhydramnios in uncomplicated term pregnancies and to identify associated risk factors affecting maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, CMH Kharian, over six months. A total of 87 women aged 1840 years with singleton pregnancies diagnosed with polyhydramnios after 41 weeks of gestation were included using non-probability consecutive sampling. Women with diabetes, fetal anomalies, intrauterine growth restriction, PROM, and other complications were excluded. Data were collected through clinical evaluation, ultrasound findings (AFI and SDVP), and laboratory investigations. Perinatal outcomes were recorded and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Stratification and chi-square tests were applied, with p ≤ 0.05 considered significant.

Results: The mean maternal age was 29.4 ± 5.2 years, and mean gestational age was 40.9 ± 0.6 weeks. Most women (55.2%) were aged 26–35 years, and 49.4% were multiparous. Cesarean section was the most common mode of delivery (62.1%). Adverse perinatal outcomes included low birth weight (6.9%), low APGAR score (13.8%), NICU admission (17.2%), stillbirth (3.4%), and early neonatal death (4.6%). Congenital anomalies were observed in a small number of cases. Higher NICU admissions were significantly associated with maternal age >30 years (p = 0.03), and cesarean delivery was associated with low APGAR scores (p = 0.04).

Conclusion: Polyhydramnios in uncomplicated term pregnancies is associated with increased perinatal morbidity and mortality. Advanced maternal age and cesarean delivery are significant risk factors. Careful antenatal surveillance and timely management are essential to improve maternal and neonatal outcomes.