"The Rise of Mini Dental Implants: A Comprehensive Review".

Abstract

Background and objective  : Mini dental implants (MDIs), a subset of reduced diameter implants (RDIs), have evolved significantly since their introduction in 1994 by Barber and Seckinger as “miniplants.” Initially intended as temporary supports for interim prostheses, these implants demonstrated unexpected osseointegration, leading to their use as permanent solutions. Subsequent innovations, such as Sendax’s 1.8 mm ultra-small implants, expanded the understanding of RDI functionality and clinical applications.This review aims to evaluate the development, clinical indications, benefits, and surface treatments associated with MDIs, along with highlighting current evidence supporting their use. Characterized by diameters less than 3 mm, MDIs offer advantages such as minimally invasive placement, immediate loading, reduced surgical trauma, and suitability for narrow ridges and edentulous mandibles.Literature supports high survival rates for MDIs, with studies reporting outcomes comparable to conventional implants, especially when used in the mandibular arch. MDIs are also favored for stabilizing removable prostheses, particularly in patients with compromised bone conditions. Surface modifications, including sandblasting, acid etching, and bioactive coatings, further enhance osseointegration and clinical longevity.Despite promising outcomes, terminology surrounding RDIs—such as "mini," "small diameter," and "narrow diameter" implants—remains inconsistent, complicating clinical communication and literature interpretation.

 Conclusion :In conclusion, MDIs represent a reliable, cost-effective alternative for specific patient populations, especially those unsuitable for conventional implants due to anatomical or economic constraints. Ongoing standardization in terminology and further high-quality clinical studies are essential to refine their indications and optimize treatment outcomes.