Dysmenorrhea-Demographics, Absenteeism, Management and Healthcare Seeking Behavior, A Cross-Sectional Study Done in Saudi Arabia.

Abstract

Introduction: Dysmenorrhea affects up to 91% of females worldwide, with a higher prevalence among adolescents. It has an impacts on the quality of life of females, resulting in absenteeism and presenteeism which can have an impact on the economy. Cultural factors, educational background, and healthcare accessibility influence management strategies. Objectives of the study included determination of demographics, associated symptoms, healthcare seeking behavior and absenteeism due to dysmenorrhea.

Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted online using social media platforms. A convenience sampling technique was used. All consenting females aged 18 to 49 years were included in the study. The final sample size was 1,041. Data was collected through a self-structured questionnaire, validated by a pilot study, and analyzed using SPSS Version 23 after ethical approval Local Committee for Biomedical Ethics.

Key Results: Among the participants, 88% experienced dysmenorrhea, most common associated symptoms included diarrhea, urinary frequency, and tiredness followed by lower back pain, leg cramps and breast tenderness. Absenteeism due to dysmenorrhea was reported by 59% of participants, while 70% experienced presenteeism. Healthcare-seeking behavior was low, with only 19% consulting a doctor. Reasons for not seeking healthcare included normalizing symptoms and embarrassment. Severity of pain was significantly associated with absenteeism (p=0.001) and presenteeism (p=0.01).

Conclusion: Dysmenorrhea remains a widespread issue with profound impacts on daily functioning and economic productivity. Mismanagement and cultural stigma contribute to low healthcare utilization. Addressing this requires targeted health education, stigma-free healthcare access, and the promotion of telemedicine for efficient management