Cardiac Surgery Outcomes And Mortality Trends: A Comprehensive Analysis From A National Cardiovascular Institute In Peru

Abstract

Background: Cardiac surgery has remained a pillar of advanced care systems in cardiovascular care, yet again, there has been a disparity in outcomes between developed and developing regions. The scarcity of information at the national level in Peru on the outcomes and predictors of mortality in cardiac surgery is few. Information about patient characteristics, the trend of operations, and risk factors can be used to increase the survival rates, resource consumption, and the quality of patient care in a tertiary cardiac center.

Objective: The purpose of the research was to investigate the quality of cardiac surgery and mortality rates of the National Cardiovascular Institute in Peru, measure the significance of predictors of postoperative mortality, test the reliability and validity of the patient-perceived tool at national levels, and evaluate the trends of correlation between demographic, operative, and outcome variables.

Methods: It was an analytical study that included retrospective patients who initially underwent adult cardiac surgery between 2010 and 2024. The data were extracted in the form of demographic, clinical, and procedural variables through institutional records. They were the Shapiro-Wilk test to assess the normality, Cronbach Alpha test of reliability, KMO and Bartlett test of validity, and the inferential tests (Independent Samples t-test, One-Way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, and Chi-Square test). The important predictors of mortality were ascertained by the long and shorter methods of Pearson correlation and multiple logistic regression. There were 255 assessable responses of the analyzed patient.

Results: The perception scale had very good reliability (0.873) and moderate levels of validity (KMO = 0.812; Bartlett 0.001), and all variable is normally distributed (p > 0.05). The dissimilarity between groups was also necessary in CPB time and ICU stay, concerning the gender (p < 0.01) and the type of procedures (p < 0.05). Chi-Square test proved that the in-hospital mortality and the type of procedure are significantly related (p = 0.001). The correlations analysis showed that there were moderate positive relationships between Age, BMI, CPB time, and ICU stay (r = 0.302 -or- 0.45), and that the regression results indicated that the variables were positive and significant predictors of mortality (p < 0.01).

Conclusion: The article demonstrates that the determinants of postsurgery mortality among cardiac surgery patients in Peru are Age, BMI, CPB time, and ICU stay. The results demonstrate high internal consistency, good validity, and clinically significant correlation between demographic and procedural variables. These findings indicate the need to improve the level of peri-operative optimization of patients, the outcomes-focused monitoring in the post-operative setting, and the quality-improving initiatives based on the data to enhance the outcome and survival of the surgery under the resource-constrained cardiac care