Incidence and Risk Factors of Postoperative Pulmonary Complications Following On-Pump Cardiac Surgery
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.64149/J.Carcinog.24.10s.585-591Keywords:
postoperative pulmonary complications, on-pump cardiac surgery, risk factors, atelectasis, cardiopulmonary bypass, respiratory outcomesAbstract
Background: Post operative pulmonary complications (PPCs) are one of the most common complications experienced after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (ONCAB surgery). PPCs also increase the cost for postoperative care due to increased number of days in the hospital and elevated need for critical care For improving patient outcomes, it is crucial to understand and/or improve local incidence patterns and modifiable risk factors.
Objectives: To determine the incidence of PPCs after on-pump cardiac surgery and to evaluate demographic, clinical, and intraoperative risk factors associated with their development.
Methods: Between February 2023 and February 2024, 82 patients who had on-pump cardiac elective or urgent surgeries were included in this observational study. The following data were collected and recorded: demographic characteristics, comorbid conditions, details of the surgery, and respiratory outcomes after the surgery. Pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, pulmonary edema, acute respiratory distress syndrome, atelectasis, prolonged mechanical ventilation, re-intubation, and other Postoperative pulmonary complications PPCs were identified based on clinical and imaging results. Chi-square tests were used for statistical analysis, with a significance level set at the p<0.05.
Results: The total occurrences of PPCs were 35.4%. 22% had atelectasis and 18.3% had a pleural effusion. Statistically significant associations of PPCs were shown with older age (>65 years), a history of smoking, and COPD, as well as reduced ejection fraction, prolonged bypass time, intraoperative transfusion, and long postoperative ventilation.
Conclusions: The occurrence of PPCs is common after surgeries which require the presence of a cardiopulmonary bypass, and arise from patient features and surgical stress. Identification of at-risk patients and provision of enhanced early perioperative respiratory services may lower the incidence of PPCs and enhance recovery.
