Association of gall bladder ejection fraction and histopathological spectrum in patients with cholelithiasis undergoing cholecystectomy in tertiary care centre : An observational study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.64149/J.Carcinog.24.3s.670-675Keywords:
Cholelithiasis, Gallbladder ejection fraction, Chronic cholecystitis, Histopathology, Biliary dyskinesia, Gallstones, Cholecystectomy, Gallbladder motility etc.Abstract
Background: Cholelithiasis is a common hepatobiliary disorder characterized by gallstone formation due to bile supersaturation, impaired motility, and mucin hypersecretion. Gallbladder ejection fraction (GBEF) is an important functional parameter that reflects gallbladder contractility and may correlate with disease severity. While histopathological examination after cholecystectomy remains the diagnostic gold standard, few studies have explored the association between preoperative GBEF and histopathological spectrum in gallstone disease.
Methods: This observational study was conducted in the Department of General Surgery at Bhagat Phool Singh Government Medical College for Women over 18 months. Ninety patients with clinically and ultrasonographically confirmed cholelithiasis undergoing cholecystectomy were included. GBEF was determined ultrasonographically before and 60 minutes after a standard fatty meal using the ellipsoid method. Postoperative gallbladder specimens were analyzed histologically using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21.0, applying the Chi-square and unpaired t-tests, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant.
Results: Most participants were middle-aged females with multiple gallstones. Chronic cholecystitis was the predominant histopathological finding, followed by acute on chronic cholecystitis and chronic cholecystitis with cholesterosis. A statistically significant association was found between GBEF and histopathological diagnosis (p = 0.0001), indicating that lower GBEF values correlated with more severe inflammatory changes. No significant association was observed between GBEF and age or gender.
Conclusion: Reduced GBEF was associated with advanced inflammatory pathology, suggesting that functional impairment parallels histological severity in cholelithiasis. Preoperative GBEF evaluation may serve as a useful non-invasive marker for predicting disease chronicity and guiding management in patients undergoing cholecystectomy.
