Isolation of a phenolic component from Syzygium cumini under bioassay direction: Evaluation of antidiabetic potential.

Abstract

Syzygium cumini, popularly known as Java plum or black jamun, is a natural plant in tropical and subtropical climates that has several medicinal uses. All components of the plant, such as the seeds, leaves, and wood, contain several beneficial phytoconstituents, such as glucosides, anthocyanins, steroids, phenols, flavonoids, and terpenoids. This study employed an in vitro α-amylase assay-guided technique to isolate a phenolic compound from the seed extract of S. cumini. After the extract was screened for phytochemicals, its total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were assessed. We investigated the extract's fractions F1–F9 to see if they might stop α-amylase. We employed FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and mass spectrometry to describe the pure molecule (called compound 1) that we got by recrystallizing the fraction from water with the lowest IC₅₀ (the most α-amylase inhibition). After that, rats with diabetes caused by streptozotocin were utilized to see if the isolated chemical had any antidiabetic properties. Fractions F2, F5, and F7 all had IC₅₀ values of 75.28, 131.25, and 192.76 µg/mL, respectively. They all showed substantial α-amylase inhibition and were seen as good choices for isolating the active ingredient. We used Fraction F2 to separate compound 1 because it had the lowest IC₅₀. During days 7 to 28 of the trial, the treatment of either compound 1 or glibenclamide significantly lowered blood glucose levels. In conclusion, this work demonstrates that the compound isolated from S. cumini seeds had the potential for application as an antidiabetic agent, particularly in the management of type 2 diabetes.