Correlation Between Body Mass Index (BMI), Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), and HbA1c Levels in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Abstract

BackgroundType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder often associated with obesity and poor glycemic control. This study aimed to examine the correlation between Body Mass Index (BMI), Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), and HbA1c levels in T2DM patients.

MethodsA descriptive observational study was conducted at a tertiary care institute in Central India from January to December 2024. The study included 379 participants diagnosed with T2DM who attended the Diabetes Clinic in the Endocrinology Department. Data were collected through interviews and clinical measurements, including BMI, FBS, and HbA1c levels. The analysis involved statistical tests, including t-tests, ANOVA, and correlation analysis using SPSS version 26.

ResultsThe majority of participants were obese, with 76.25% classified as Obesity Grade I and 12.40% as Obesity Grade II. No significant gender or age-based differences were found in FBS, HbA1c, or BMI. Socio-economic status did not show a significant association with glycemic control parameters. However, participants with a family history of diabetes had significantly lower HbA1c levels (p = 0.003). A positive correlation was observed between BMI and HbA1c levels.

ConclusionObesity was highly prevalent in the study population, and BMI was associated with HbA1c levels in T2DM patients. The study found minimal differences based on socio-demographic factors, but a family history of diabetes was associated with better long-term glycemic control. These findings underscore the importance of addressing obesity in diabetes management.