Assessing Glycemic Control through Glycated Hemoglobin a 1c ( HbA1c) and Body Mass Index (BMI) indicators: A Retrospective Study of Type II Diabetic Patients at King Salman Armed Forces Hospital Tabuk Saudi Arabia 2025
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.64149/J.Carcinog.24.4s.959-965Keywords:
Saudi Arabia, obesity, glycemic control, HbA1c, body mass index, Type 2 diabetes mellitusAbstract
Background: Poor glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major public health concern, with obesity being a significant contributing factor. Understanding the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and glycemic control may help guide targeted interventions.
Objectives: This study aimed to assess glycemic control using glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and BMI, and to evaluate the association between BMI and suboptimal glycemic control among adult patients with T2DM attending King Salman Armed Forces Hospital in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted among 415 adult T2DM patients (≥18 years) between July and October 2025. Demographic data, BMI, HbA1c, fasting blood glucose (FBS), and random blood glucose (RBS) were extracted from medical records. Descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation, one-way ANOVA, and linear regression analyses were performed, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.
Results: The mean age of participants was 59.6 ± 15.3 years, with females representing 56.7% of the sample. The mean HbA1c was 8.2 ± 2.1%, with only 32.5% achieving the target level (<7%). The mean BMI was 30.7 ± 7.5 kg/m², with 43% classified as obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m²). Significant positive correlations were observed between BMI and HbA1c (r = 0.42, p < 0.001), FBS (r = 0.38, p < 0.001), and RBS (r = 0.35, p < 0.001). Regression analysis showed that each 1 kg/m² increase in BMI was associated with a 0.08% increase in HbA1c (R² = 0.18, p < 0.001). The BMI–HbA1c correlation was stronger among females (r = 0.44) than males (r = 0.39), and females had significantly higher mean HbA1c values (p = 0.012).
Conclusion: Higher BMI was significantly associated with poorer glycemic control among T2DM patients, with the association being more pronounced in females. Targeted weight management interventions, especially for women with obesity, are recommended to improve glycemic outcomes.
