A Review of Proniosomes Improve Transdermal Delivery of Drug

Abstract

Transdermal drug delivery has gained significant attention as a non-invasive therapeutic approach that bypasses gastrointestinal degradation and first-pass metabolism while providing sustained plasma concentrations and improved patient compliance. However, the major limitation of this route lies in the barrier function of the stratum corneum, which restricts the permeation of many drugs. To overcome this challenge, vesicular carriers such as liposomes and niosomes have been explored, but issues of stability, aggregation, and drug leakage often limit their clinical application. Proniosomal gels have emerged as an advanced alternative, offering enhanced stability, improved drug entrapment, and efficient reconstitution into niosomal vesicles upon hydration.These gels are composed of non-ionic surfactants, cholesterol, and stabilizers, incorporated into a semisolid base suitable for topical application. Their unique composition facilitates close interaction with skin lipids, thereby enhancing drug permeation while allowing sustained and controlled release. Proniosomal gels can accommodate both hydrophilic and lipophilic agents, making them highly versatile for a wide range of therapeutic applications, including hormone delivery, cardiovascular therapy, pain management, and dermatological disorders. Moreover, their ease of handling, cost-effectiveness, and patient-friendly nature further support their potential as promising carriers in transdermal systems.This review highlights the formulation strategies, mechanisms of skin permeation, therapeutic applications, and recent advancements in proniosomal gels for transdermal drug delivery. Emphasis is placed on their advantages over conventional carriers, challenges in clinical translation, and future perspectives in expanding their use for biopharmaceuticals and novel therapies. With continued research and optimization, proniosomal gels are expected to play a pivotal role in advancing transdermal drug delivery technologies.