Cybersecurity and Data Privacy in Smart Hospitals: A Legal, Technical, and Business-Oriented Investigation

Abstract

The study evaluated cybersecurity and data privacy in intelligent hospitals through legal, technical, and business lenses. E-medical records, IoT and digital health tools have been experiencing a rapid breakage in health service provision, but are also making the sector vulnerable to cybercrime. The research examined secondary literature - such as case studies across the globe, policy proposals and insurance findings on healthcare cybersecurity. The findings identified that two-out-of-three smart hospitals had been targeted by cyberattacks within the last year, and ransomware was the most prevalent form of attack, leading to an average of 4.24 million dollars of financial loss. The hurdles exist in compliance areas because it was only 61% of the hospitals that were in full compliance with GDPR / HIPAA requirements, which expose organisations to governmental fines. Considering the technicalities, the adoption practises of complex technologies (i.e., AI-based threat identification) made it possible to prevent incidents faster by 45 percent, and the use of zero-trust frameworks minimised malicious access requests by 37. In business terms, most patients (72 out of 100) gave elevated levels of trust in hospitals that had their cybersecurity certifications displayed, showing the weight of the security factor as a reputation and competitive tool. In general, the results of the investigations indicate that compliance with the law, sound technical protection, and commercial-based approaches should be integrated together in the quest of providing secure, ethical and sustainable digital healthcare environments...