Stem Cell Therapy Applications in Surgical Wound Repair: A Qualitative Systematic Review

Abstract

Background:

Stem cell therapy has emerged as a promising regenerative approach for enhancing surgical wound healing. Wound repair is a complex biological process involving inflammation, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and tissue remodeling. However, various clinical conditions such as diabetes and vascular insufficiency may impair this process and lead to delayed healing.

Methods:

This qualitative systematic review aimed to explore the biological mechanisms, clinical applications, and translational challenges of stem cell therapy in surgical wound repair. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Priority was given to recent studies published from 2019 onward; however, seminal earlier studies were included where foundational mechanistic or regulatory relevance justified their inclusion.

Results:

The findings indicate that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play a significant role in wound healing through immunomodulation, promotion of angiogenesis, and enhancement of extracellular matrix remodeling. Various delivery methods, including direct injection and biomaterial scaffolds, have shown promising outcomes. However, several challenges remain, including variability in stem cell sources, lack of standardized protocols, and regulatory limitations affecting clinical translation.

Conclusions:

Stem cell therapy demonstrates substantial potential in improving surgical wound healing and tissue regeneration. Despite encouraging results, further standardized clinical trials and regulatory frameworks are required to support widespread clinical application.