Evaluating msi2 Gene Expression as a Biomarker in Carcinoma Gallbladder

Abstract

Objectives: Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) is an aggressive malignancy often diagnosed late, resulting in poor outcomes. Identifying reliable biomarkers is crucial for early diagnosis and prognostication. Musashi-2 (msi2), an RNA-binding protein implicated in oncogenesis, may play a role in GBC progression. To evaluate msi2 gene and protein expression in GBC and correlate it with clinicopathological parameters and tumor grade.

Methods: This prospective observational study included 50 histopathologically confirmed GBC patients and 50 controls with benign gallbladder disease. msi2 expression was analyzed using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and quantitative PCR (qPCR). Clinical data, tumor grade, and histopathology were correlated with msi2 expression. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results: High msi2 protein expression (>50% IHC positivity) was observed in 70% of GBC cases. Moderate-to-high msi2 RNA expression (51–100%) was seen in 46% of cases. msi2 expression was significantly higher in GBC compared to cholelithiasis (p < 0.0001). Poorly differentiated tumors demonstrated the highest msi2 expression, suggesting a correlation with tumor aggressiveness.

Conclusion: msi2 is significantly overexpressed in GBC, correlating with histological grade and malignancy. It may serve as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker, aiding differentiation from benign lesions..