Hydrogeological Assessment of Groundwater Regime in Sohagpur Coalfield Area of District Shahdol, Madhya Pradesh

Abstract

The Sohagpur coalfield in District Shahdol, Madhya Pradesh represents a critical hydrogeological system where intensive coal mining activities have significantly altered the natural groundwater regime. This comprehensive study examines the hydrogeological characteristics, groundwater quality parameters, and aquifer behavior in the Sohagpur coalfield area through integrated analysis of primary field data and secondary hydrogeological information. The research employs multiple methodological approaches including hydrochemical analysis, groundwater level monitoring, pumping tests, and geophysical surveys to assess the current status of groundwater resources in this mining-impacted region. The study area encompasses approximately 450 square kilometers of the coalfield region, characterized by complex geological formations including Gondwana sedimentary rocks, alluvial deposits, and coal-bearing strata that influence groundwater occurrence and movement patterns. Primary data collection involved systematic sampling from 48 groundwater monitoring wells distributed across the study area, with hydrochemical analysis revealing elevated concentrations of dissolved solids, sulfates, and heavy metals in proximity to active mining zones. Secondary data analysis incorporated historical groundwater level records spanning fifteen years, demonstrating declining water table trends averaging 0.8 meters annually in heavily mined areas compared to 0.2 meters in peripheral zones. The research findings indicate significant hydrogeological impacts from coal extraction activities, including groundwater contamination, altered flow patterns, and aquifer depletion in specific zones of intensive mining operations. Water quality assessment reveals that approximately 35% of sampled locations exceed permissible limits for drinking water standards, particularly for parameters including total dissolved solids, iron, manganese, and sulfate concentrations. The study establishes correlation between mining intensity and groundwater deterioration, with heavily mined areas showing 60% higher contamination levels compared to control zones located beyond mining influence. Aquifer vulnerability assessment using DRASTIC methodology indicates high to very high vulnerability classes covering 68% of the study area, emphasizing the urgent need for groundwater protection measures. The research concludes with recommendations for sustainable groundwater management including implementation of artificial recharge systems, establishment of monitoring networks, and adoption of eco-friendly mining practices to minimize hydrogeological impacts in the Sohagpur coalfield region.