Digital Natives in Nursing: A Review on the Impact of Technology and Social Media on Gen-Z Nursing Students

Abstract

Generation Z, often referred to as digital natives, has been shaped by constant exposure to technology, social media, and digital communication from an early age. In the context of nursing education, understanding how these digital habits influence learning, engagement, and professional development is critical for designing effective teaching strategies. This review aims to examine the impact of technology and social media on Generation Z nursing students, focusing on their learning styles, academic performance, professional socialization, and potential challenges. A narrative review methodology was employed, sourcing peer-reviewed articles published between 2015 and 2025 from databases including PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Inclusion criteria encompassed studies addressing Generation Z learners in nursing or healthcare education, with an emphasis on technology use, digital engagement, and social media behaviors. After screening 42 articles, 36 studies were selected for in-depth analysis. Findings indicate that Generation Z nursing students demonstrate high digital literacy and a preference for technology-enhanced learning, including online modules, virtual simulations, and mobile learning applications. Social media platforms facilitate peer collaboration, knowledge sharing, and professional networking but may also contribute to distractions, reduced attention span, and challenges in maintaining professional boundaries. Technology integration, when used effectively, supports interactive learning, instant feedback, and flexible study opportunities, enhancing engagement and academic outcomes. However, excessive reliance on digital tools can impede critical thinking, interpersonal communication, and real-world clinical interactions. Mental health considerations, such as anxiety linked to social media use and screen time, were also noted as important factors affecting student well-being.In conclusion, technology and social media have both positive and negative influences on Generation Z nursing students. Educators are encouraged to adopt blended and technology-enhanced teaching strategies that leverage digital skills while promoting critical thinking, professional behavior, and well-being. Structured guidance on social media use, along with faculty development in digital pedagogy, is essential to maximize the benefits and minimize the risks associated with technology in nursing education.