Effect of Continuous Tracking Task on Motor Learning and Performance of Upper Extremity Function in Chronic Stroke Subjects

Abstract

Motor impairments of the upper extremity are common and persistent post-stroke, particularly in individuals at the chronic stage. Emerging evidence supports the use of task-specific training to promote neuroplasticity and functional recovery. This study evaluates the effect of a Continuous Tracking Task (CTT) on motor performance and motor learning in chronic stroke survivors. A total of 104 chronic stroke subjects were randomly assigned to an Experimental Group (EG, n=51) and Control Group (CG, n=53). Both groups were assessed for motor performance during repeated and random movement sequences using Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) during practice, while retention (motor learning) was examined from change scores over a 7-day training period. Between-group comparisons were conducted using ANOVA with α set at p<0.05. The EG demonstrated significantly higher RMSE scores in both repeated and random sequences for motor performance: repeated (EG: 5.1 ± 3.75 vs. CG: 1.8 ± 0.6, p=0.04) and random (EG: 5.3 ± 3.62 vs. CG: 1.5 ± 0.4, p=0.04). Similarly, for motor learning, retention RMSE values were significantly greater in the EG: repeated (EG: 6.9 ± 2.75 vs. CG: 4.2 ± 2.4, p=0.02) and random (EG: 5.8 ± 3.62 vs. CG: 3.2 ± 3.4, p=0.04). However, no significant differences were observed between paretic and non-paretic upper extremities within the EG for either performance or learning outcomes (all p > 0.05). The findings suggest that Continuous Tracking Task training significantly enhances motor performance and learning in individuals with chronic stroke. The intervention showed broad bilateral effects, indicating potential system-wide neural facilitation. These results highlight CTT as a promising, effective, and targeted approach for upper limb rehabilitation in chronic stroke populations. Further research is needed to explore long-term retention and its effect on daily functional abilities.