Anthropometric, Sleep, Medical, and Cognitive Profiles across Menopausal Stages: A Cross-Sectional Study in Women Aged 40–59 Year

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate anthropometric, sleep, medical, and cognitive profiles across menopausal stages in women aged 40–59 years.
Methods: This cross-sectional study included 218 women categorized into pre-menopause (n=57, 40–44 years), peri-menopause (n=67, 45–49 years), menopause (n=42, 50–54 years), and post-menopause (n=52, 55–59 years). Data were collected on height, weight, BMI, education, sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI), medical history, and cognitive function (Mini-Mental State Examination, MMSE). Descriptive statistics were analyzed using SPSS version 27.
Results: BMI increased from 22.86 (pre-menopause) to 30.39 (post-menopause), with weight rising from 60 kg to 75 kg. Poor sleep prevalence escalated from 61.40% (pre-menopause) to 90.38% (post-menopause). Comorbidities, including cardiovascular disease (10 to 18) and depression (12 to 20), rose across stages, while the number of women with no comorbidities decreased (22 to 15). Cognitive function showed a predominance of mild impairment, with no impairment decreasing from 27/57 (pre-menopause) to 20/52 (post-menopause). MMSE subdomain scores (e.g., orientation) declined from 8.5 ± 0.7 to 6.8 ± 0.4. Education levels remained consistent, with secondary education being the most common (22–26 per group).
Conclusion: Menopausal progression is associated with increasing BMI, sleep disturbances, comorbidities, and mild cognitive decline, underscoring the need for targeted screenings and interventions to improve health outcomes.