Assessment of Laboratory Parameters and Diagnosis of Patients Receiving NSAIDs

Abstract

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are frequently prescribed for the management of pain and inflammation in dental practice. In spite of their therapeutic benefits, NSAIDs are associated with potential systemic adverse effects, including gastrointestinal bleeding, renal dysfunction, hepatotoxicity, electrolyte disturbances, and haematological changes. A prospective hospital-based observational study was conducted in the departments of orthodontics, prosthodontics, and oral surgery at a tertiary dental care centre. Baseline laboratory assessments included complete blood count, liver function tests, renal function tests, and electrolytes. Follow-up tests were performed on Day 10 or earlier if adverse drug reactions were suspected. Pain was assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale at Day 0 and Day 10. The study showed that most patients maintained normal haematological, hepatic, and renal parameters after NSAID use. The mean haemoglobin was 14.52 ± 0.69 g/dL, TLC 8157 ± 951.16 cells/mm³, and platelet count 266,820.87 ± 46,838.03 cells/mm³, indicating stable haematological profiles. Liver function tests showed serum bilirubin 0.75 ± 0.27 mg/dL, SGOT 22.88 ± 10.6 IU/L, and SGPT 30.09 ± 13.89 IU/L, all within normal ranges, suggesting minimal hepatotoxicity. Renal parameters such as serum creatinine (0.9 ± 0.12 mg/dL) and BUN (13.45 ± 3.75 mg/dL) also remained normal, with no evidence of nephrotoxicity. Electrolyte levels were stable, with sodium at 140.11 ± 2.85 mEq/L and potassium at 4.24 ± 0.44 mEq/L. The most common dental diagnosis was dental abscess with inflammation (37%), followed by TMJ pain (18%), post-denture fitting pain (14%), and pericoronitis (12%). Pain scores showed a significant reduction from baseline (VAS Day 0: 5.53 ± 1.12; Day 10: 3.46 ± 1.4; P < 0.05). NSAIDs were found to be effective and safe for short-term use in dental patients, with no important changes in haematological, hepatic, renal, or electrolyte parameters during the observation period.