Anti-Malignant Potential of Crude Ethanol Extract Of Microalgae Scenedesmus Dimorphus Against Lung Cancer By Exploring Diary Industrial Wastewater As Cultivation Medium

Abstract

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the modern world, and about 10 million people died in 2020, with an important stake being lung cancer on this issue. This has led to the increase in the need of sustainable therapeutics. Against this background, the study of microalgae has gained more attention because of their ability to produce bioactive metabolites with pharmaceutical particles. In the proposed investigation, the anti-cancer potential of crude ethanol extract of Scenedesmus dimorphus cultivated in 50% dairy industry wastewater was determined against A549 human lung carcinoma cell line. The microalga S. dimorphus (UTEX 1237) was grown in proteose peptone medium with 50% dairy industry wastewater under optimum growth conditions viz., algal inoculum of 1x107cells/ml, a pH of 7.0, the temperature of 20°C, and the light intensity of 15,000 lux for 28days with 12D/12L photoperiodicity in a special designed novel photobioreactor. After 28 days, the biomass extracted with ethanol and evaluated for anti-cancer activity on A549 cell lines revealed dose-dependent cytotoxic effect with an IC50 value of 57.49 g/ml which is close to that of the positive control, cisplatin (IC50 value of 15g/ml). The GC-MS profiles of crude ethanol extract of S. dimorphus revealed the achievement of compounds containing anticancer-antioxidants properties like dibutyl phthalate, hexadecane, and eicosane. The findings as a whole encompass the dual importance of valorizating dairy wastes as well as producing pharmaceutical compounds and S. dimorphus becomes an attractive nutraceutical and pharmaceutical agent