The Effect of Ochratoxin A on Kidney Function Parameters of Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease in Kerbala

Abstract

Objective: Investigating ochratoxin A (OTA) contamination in various countries and its health risks, particularly in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients in Karbala, Iraq. Methods: A case-control study conducted from December 2022 to April 2023 assessed OTA exposure in CKD patients and healthy controls in Karbala. OTA levels were measured using thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. Kidney function parameters were also evaluated. Results: OTA was found in 99% of CKD patients' blood plasma compared to 32% in healthy individuals, with higher prevalence in females (56%) than males (43%). Unidentified CKD cases showed links between OTA exposure, lower GFR, higher urea, and creatinine levels. Conclusion: OTA exposure in CKD patients suggests unidentified toxin sources. Kidney function markers were affected. Further research should investigate underlying causes of CKD rise and broader national impacts.