A Comparative Study of Body Image, Emotional Regulation, Self-Esteem, Coping Styles, and Psychological Distress among Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and a Control Group

Abstract

Aim: The study aimed to explore differences in body image, emotional regulation, self-esteem, coping styles, and psychological distress among women diagnosed with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) compared to a control group.

Objectives: The objectives were to assess levels of body image satisfaction, emotional regulation strategies (cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression), self-esteem, coping styles (problem-focused, emotion-focused, and avoidant), and psychological distress, and to compare these variables between women with PCOS and those without the condition.

Sample and Sampling: A total sample of 100 females aged 18–40 years was selected using purposive sampling, comprising 50 women diagnosed with PCOS based on Rotterdam criteria and 50 participants in the control group. Participants were recruited from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jaipur, following defined inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Tools: Data were collected using standardized measures including the Sociodemographic Data Sheet, Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), Body Image Satisfaction Scale (BIS), and Brief COPE.

Results: Independent samples t-tests revealed significant differences between the two groups. Women with PCOS reported significantly poorer body image, lower self-esteem, higher use of expressive suppression, and lower use of problem-focused coping compared to the control group. No significant differences were observed in emotion-focused coping, avoidant coping, or cognitive reappraisal.

Discussion: The findings indicate that women with PCOS experience notable psychological vulnerabilities related to body perception, self-worth, emotional expression, and coping patterns. These psychological factors may contribute to increased psychological distress in PCOS. The study highlights the need to integrate psychological assessment and intervention into routine gynecological management of PCOS, emphasizing a biopsychosocial approach to care.