Impact of Maxillary Incisor Retraction on the Nasolabial Angle: A Systematic Review.

Abstract

Facial esthetics play a pivotal role in the perception of beauty, self-esteem and social interactions, making it an integral consideration in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Among the various facial features, the nasolabial angle formed by the intersection of the columella of the nose and the upper lip is a critical parameter in assessing facial harmony and profile balance. It serves as a vital soft tissue landmark that reflects the relationship between the maxilla, upper lip, and nasal base, thereby influencing the overall esthetic outcome following orthodontic intervention. In orthodontic practice, particularly in cases involving bimaxillary protrusion or dentoalveolar proclination, maxillary incisor retraction is a routinely performed procedure to achieve optimal occlusion and facial profile improvement. However, while skeletal and dental changes are objectively quantifiable, the associated soft tissue alterations, especially those affecting the nasolabial angle, remain complex and variable due to interindividual differences in tissue thickness, elasticity, and morphology.