Impact of Systemic Hypertension Control on Glaucoma Progression.

Abstract

Background: Glaucoma is one of the most common causes of blindness, with the development of the disease being influenced by factors external to intraocular pressure, as well. Researchers most frequently study blood pressure, as hypertension or high variability in blood pressure reduces perfusion of the optic nerve. This is especially important to understand in patients having both conditions.

Methodology: This retrospective cross-sectional research study reviewed data collected from June 2023 to June 2024 from 72 patients who had been diagnosed with both glaucoma and hypertension and received treatment at Nishter Medical University Multan. Documents records of blood pressure, clinical notes, and blood pressure OCT imaging and visual field readings were recorded and analyzed. Patients were classified into uncontrolled and controlled hypertension categories based on blood pressure recordings. With SPSS 22, and based on their statistical relevance, data were computed and analyzed using t tests and chi-squares tests.

Results: Those with uncontrolled hypertension had higher intraocular pressure, higher pressure fluctuations, thinner RNFL, and more severe visual field loss. Progression was significantly more common in the uncontrolled group, both structurally on OCT and functionally on visual field tests. Ocular perfusion pressure was also lower in these patients, and nocturnal BP dips were more frequently noted.

Conclusion: The findings indicate that unstable or poorly controlled systemic hypertension may contribute to faster glaucoma deterioration. Stable blood pressure control appears to play a supportive role in protecting the optic nerve. Integrating BP management into glaucoma care may help slow disease progression and preserve visual function..