Retrospective epidemiological study of foodborne illnesses during the period 2013-2024 in the southwestern Algerian region

Abstract

Background: Collective foodborne illnesses (CFI) are a growing concern due to their frequent increase, public anxiety, potential health deterioration, and potential impact on a population's life prognosis.

Aim: The objective of this research is to present the epidemiological profile of foodborne illnesses in the wilaya of Bechar over atwelve-year period.

Methods: We conducted an epidemiological and retrospective study of poisonings recorded in southwestern Algeria during the period from 2013 to 2024, using data collected from the Directorate of Health and Population.

Results: The commune of Bechar records half of the cases of CFI, the other most affected communes are Abadla (32%) and Beni Abbés (12.37%).Thus, significant fluctuations are recorded from one year to another, with a peak in 2024, where the incidence rate stands at103.12 cases per 100000 inhabitants.With a sex ratio M/F of 33.36, the male sex is predominant and associated with the age group between 16 and 35 years. The assessment of the severity of cases is based on the hospitalization rate of patients, which reaches82.70%, and the mortality rate, which is approximately0.2%. Minced meat tops the list of perishable food products incriminated with 96% of reported cases, followed by Cachir and cheese; with the exception of a single episode, the pathogen has not been identified in almost all cases.

Conclusion: Food poisoning cases can be minimized by implementing preventive measures and increasing public awareness, promoting better hygiene standards and increased adherence to prevention recommendations.