Autologous Stem Cell Transplant in Adult Hematological Malignancies- Experience from a Centre in South India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.64149/J.Carcinog.24.4.323-328Keywords:
Autologous Stem Cell Transplant, Multiple Myeloma, Lymphoma, Transplant Related Mortality.Abstract
Introduction: Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is a standard of care for consolidation therapy in younger multiple myeloma (defined variably as age < 65–75 years) and relapsed/refractory lymphoma patients. Several nonrandomized, randomized and population-based studies and meta-analyses have proposed that ASCT is related to improved response rates and EFS (event-free survival) compared with conventional chemotherapy treatment.
Aims & Objectives: To study demographics, type of hematological malignancy and to assess complications and outcomes of ASCT in adult hematological malignancies.
Materials & Methods: This is a retrospective observational study conducted in 70 patients diagnosed with various hematological malignancies, who underwent transplant at our institute from September 2022 to June 2025. Demographics, type of malignancy, complications and outcomes post-transplant were analyzed in this study. The patients were followed up for disease relapse and other complications.
Result: Median age has been 42.5+/-16.9 years (range 16-65 yrs). Most common type of malignancy was multiple myeloma (54.2%), followed by relapsed Hodgkin lymphoma (24.2%). A mean of 6.4 million/kg Stem cells were infused (range 2.2 to 16.8). The median time for neutrophil engraftment was 10+/-1.4 days, and for platelet engraftment was 12+/-1.6 days. Most common complication observed during transplant was diarrhea. The transplant-related mortality (TRM) was 1.4%. The estimated DFS was 985.215 days (95% CI with lower limit 907.548 and upper limit 1062.882 days) and estimated OS was 1014.863 days (95% CI with lower limit 946.846 and upper limit 1082.880days).
Conclusion: ASCT is a low-risk procedure and should be offered as a consolidation therapy in all eligible patients in developing countries. It remains a cornerstone in treatment of multiple myeloma and relapse/refractory lymphomas, offering significant improvement in DFS and OS
