Acquired Muscle Weakness in Critically ill Patients with Sepsis

Abstract

Acquired muscle weakness in ICU, also known as ICU-acquired weakness (ICUAW), encompasses critical illness polyneuropathy (CIP), critical illness myopathy (CIM), or a combination of both. It is primarily caused by systemic inflammation, immobility, metabolic and endocrine disturbances, and exposure to drugs such as corticosteroids or neuromuscular blocking agents. The incidence of ICUAW ranges from 25–50% in patients with sepsis or multi-organ failure. Diagnosis is made clinically by manual muscle testing and can be supported by electrophysiological studies. Preventive measures include early mobilization, optimal glycemic control, minimizing sedative exposure, and adequate nutrition. Rehabilitation strategies play a vital role in restoring muscle function and quality of life post-ICU discharge.