Prevalence and Risk Factors of Sexual Dysfunction Among Male Patients Receiving Antipsychotic Medications: A hospital based cross sectional study

Abstract

Background: Sexual dysfunction is a common yet often under diagnosed side effect of antipsychotic medications. It can significantly affect treatment adherence, patient satisfaction, and overall quality of life. This study aims to assess the prevalence, types, and associated risk factors of sexual dysfunction among male patients undergoing antipsychotic therapy in a hospital setting. Methods: The study was conducted among patients receiving antipsychotic medications in the outpatient department (OPD) of a tertiary care hospital. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics, clinical information, and sexual functioning. The Arizona Sexual Experience Scale (ASEX) was employed to assess the presence and severity of sexual dysfunction. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression to identify factors associated with sexual dysfunction. Results: Sexual dysfunction was evaluated in 125 patients receiving antipsychotic medication. Among these, 23 patients were identified as having sexual dysfunction, while 102 demonstrated no signs of the condition. The mean age of participants was 36.03 years (ranging from 18 to 60 years). The overall prevalence of sexual dysfunction in the study population was found to be 18.4%. The most commonly reported types of dysfunction included erectile dysfunction, reduced sexual desire, ejaculatory difficulties, and challenges achieving orgasm. The highest prevalence (35.2%) was observed in the 30-39 age group. Key risk factors significantly associated with sexual dysfunction included the type of antipsychotic medication (typical vs. atypical), duration of treatment, age, and dosage. Atypical antipsychotics were more frequently linked to sexual dysfunction than typical agents. Among typical medications, amisulpride was the most commonly prescribed, followed by olanzapine, quetiapine, and risperidone. Conclusions: Sexual dysfunction is a significant and often unrecognized adverse effect of antipsychotic treatment, especially with the use of atypical antipsychotic agents. Routine screening and evaluation of sexual health in patients on antipsychotic therapy are essential. Early identification and management of sexual dysfunction can improve treatment adherence, enhance patient satisfaction, and promote overall well-being.