What is Journal of Carcinogenesis? Despite the advances in the treatment of cancer and the increasing knowledge of the processes responsible for the disease, there is a gap in the understanding of molecular events leading to cancer and the mechanisms of action by anticancer agents. The field of carcinogenesis is far from being completely explored. Many novel ideas and concepts still need to be introduced into the field, and the results of several provocative experiments are yet to be disseminated and shared. There is a need for multidisciplinary research in the field and a forum for accelerated publication of results. These are the considerations that led to the birth of the online journal, Journal of Carcinogenesis. Journal of Carcinogenesis is a peer-reviewed, online journal designed to bring together many aspects of research to develop the understanding of carcinogenesis. Edited by Gopala Kovvali, Journal of Carcinogenesis is supported by an international Editorial Board. Journal of Carcinogenesis considers manuscripts in many areas of carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention. Primary areas of interest to the journal include: physical and chemical carcinogenesis and mutagenesis; processes influencing or modulating carcinogenesis, such as DNA repair; genetics, nutrition, and metabolism of carcinogens; the mechanism of action of carcinogens and modulating agents; epidemiological studies; and, the formation, detection, identification, and quantification of environmental carcinogens. Manuscripts that contribute to the understanding of cancer prevention are especially encouraged for submission Abstracting and Indexing Information The journal is registered with the following abstracting partners: Baidu Scholar, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), EBSCO Publishing’s Electronic Databases, Ex Libris – Primo Central, Google Scholar, Hinari, Infotrieve, National Science Library, ProQuest, TDNet, Wanfang Data The journal is indexed with, or included in, the following: DOAJ, EMBASE/ Excerpta Medica, PubMed Central, Scimago Journal Ranking, SCOPUS Journal Ethics The Journal/Association are committed to meeting and upholding standards of ethical behavior at all stages of the publication process. We follow closely the industry associations, such as the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) and World Association of Medical Editors (WAME), that set standards and provide guidelines for best practices in order to meet these requirements. For a summary of our specific policies regarding duplicate publication, conflicts of interest, patient consent, etc., please visit Author Guidelines Open Access Publication and Creative Commons Licensing This is an open-access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. Digital Archiving Portico is a leading digital preservation service worldwide. The content is preserved as an archival version and is not publically accessible via Portico, but is provided when required under specific conditions, such as discontinuation of the collection or catastrophic failure of the website. Ahead of Print policy Articles published online under the Ahead of Print model are considered published and can be cited and quoted using the DOI as the reference source. The journal has a policy that changes will not be made after publication of an article without following accepted procedures for making corrections to the scientific record. Content overview Article types of interest to Journal of Carcinogenesis include but not limited to: Commentaries – short, focused and opinionated articles on any subject within the journal scope. These articles are usually related to a contemporary issue, such as recent research findings, and are often written by opinion leaders invited by the Editorial Board. Research – comprehensive reports of data from original research. Review articles – comprehensive, authoritative, descriptions of any subject within the journal scope; these articles are usually written by opinion leaders that have been invited by the Editorial Board. Short papers – articles of exceptional interest, intended for brief reports of findings. These will be considered for publication on a priority basis and are usually about 2000 words in length. Peer review policies Peer review in Journal of Carcinogenesis is designed to ensure that good science is published rapidly. Journal of Carcinogenesis considers manuscripts spanning a wide range of scientific interests, as long as the results and conclusions are scientifically justified. Articles that contribute to the significant advancement of knowledge in the field will be given wider publicity. Submitted manuscripts will be reviewed by two external experts. The authors are encouraged to submit names of potential reviewers to expedite the review process. The editors may choose reviewers from those suggested by the authors or may have the manuscript reviewed by experts chosen by them. Publishing in Journal of Carcinogenesis Articles in Journal of Carcinogenesis should be cited in the same way as articles in a traditional journal. However, because articles in this journal are not printed, they do not have page numbers. Instead, they have a unique article number. The following citation: J Carcinog 2004, 2:1 refers to article 1 from volume 2 of the journal. As an online journal, Journal of Carcinogenesis does not have issue numbers. Each volume corresponds to a calendar year. Submission of manuscripts Manuscripts should be submitted electronically to Journal of Carcinogenesis using the online submission system. Full details of how to submit a manuscript are given in the instructions for authors. General journal policies Journal of Carcinogenesis’s articles are archived in PubMed Central, the US National Library of Medicine’s full-text repository of life science literature. For further information about general policies please see the instructions for authors.
Impact of Emotional Maturity on Occupational Stress Among Police Constables
The present study examined the impact of emotional maturity on occupational stress among police constables. Policing is a highly demanding profession characterized by continuous exposure to psychological, organizational, and occupational stressors that may adversely affect employees' well-being and work performance. A sample of 200 police constables, comprising 120 males and 80 females, was selected through purposive sampling from various police units of Khairagarh District, Chhattisgarh. Emotional maturity was assessed using the Emotional Maturity Scale developed by Singh and Bhargava (1990), while occupational stress was measured using the Occupational Stress Index (OSI) developed by Srivastava and Singh (1981). A descriptive and correlational research design was employed to investigate the relationship between emotional maturity and occupational stress. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's Product-Moment Correlation, Simple Linear Regression Analysis, and Independent Samples t-test. The findings revealed a significant negative relationship between emotional maturity and occupational stress. Emotional maturity was also found to be a significant predictor of occupational stress. Furthermore, police constables with higher emotional maturity reported significantly lower occupational stress than those with lower emotional maturity. The study highlights the importance of emotional maturity as a psychological resource that helps police personnel effectively manage occupational demands and workplace stressors. The findings suggest that emotional development, counseling, and stress-management interventions may contribute to improved mental well-being and occupational effectiveness among police personnel.
Emotional Maturity, Occupational Stress, Police Constables, Psychological Well-being, Stress Management.
Abhishek Chauhan, Prof. (Dr.) Shaista Ansari
Role Of Glut - 1 In Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma With Histopathological Correlation
Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignancy of the oral cavity and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Despite advances in treatment, prognosis remains poor due to late diagnosis and aggressive tumor behavior. Altered glucose metabolism is a hallmark of cancer, and Glucose Transporter-1 (GLUT-1) plays a crucial role in facilitating increased glucose uptake in malignant cells. OBJECTIVES: To assess the histopathological features of oral squamous cell carcinoma and to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of GLUT-1 in OSCC compared with non-neoplastic oral epithelium. Additionally, the study aimed to correlate GLUT-1 expression with clinicopathological prognostic parameters including tumor size, histological grade, TNM stage, lymphovascular invasion, and perineural invasion. Materials and methods: This prospective comparative study was conducted on 32 surgically resected OSCC specimens and 32 non-neoplastic oral squamous epithelium specimens received for routine histopathological examination. All tissues were processed and stained with hematoxylin and eosin for histopathological evaluation. Tumors were graded and staged according to the AJCC (8th edition, 2017) staging system. Immunohistochemical staining for GLUT-1 was performed on paraffin-embedded sections. GLUT-1 expression was assessed based on membranous staining, percentage of positive cells, and staining intensity. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 22, with a p value <0.05 considered statistically significant. RESULTS: All OSCC cases (100%) showed membranous GLUT-1 positivity. Strong GLUT-1 expression (3+) was observed in 62.5% of OSCC cases, while moderate expression was seen in 31.3% and low expression in 6.3%. None of the non-neoplastic cases showed strong GLUT-1 expression. Increased GLUT-1 expression was predominantly observed in tumors with advanced TNM stage (Stage III and IV), larger tumor size, and in cases with lymphovascular and perineural invasion. A highly significant difference in GLUT-1 expression was noted between OSCC and non-neoplastic tissues (p < 0.001). Conclusion: GLUT-1 expression was significantly increased in OSCC compared to non-neoplastic oral epithelium and showed a strong association with adverse histopathological prognostic factors. GLUT-1 may serve as a useful prognostic biomarker for identifying aggressive OSCC and high-risk patients.
GLUT-1 expression; Immunohistochemistry; Oral squamous cell carcinoma; Prognostic biomarker; Tumor aggressiveness
Dr.M.S. Manasa, Dr.Usha Muniyappa, Dr.Alluri Hema bhargavi
A Qualitative Theoretical Framework for Integrating Laboratory, Cardiovascular, Biomedical, Nursing, Pharmacy, and Family Medicine Roles in Contemporary Healthcare Systems
Contemporary healthcare systems are increasingly challenged by population aging, the rising prevalence of chronic diseases, rapid technological advancements, and the growing demand for coordinated multidisciplinary care. These challenges have exposed the limitations of fragmented healthcare delivery and highlighted the need for effective collaboration among healthcare professionals. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a qualitative theoretical framework for integrating the roles of Laboratory Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Biomedical Sciences, Nursing, Pharmacy, and Family Medicine within contemporary healthcare systems. A qualitative theory development design was adopted using a comprehensive literature-based approach. Peer-reviewed articles, systematic reviews, international reports, and conceptual publications were critically analyzed to identify common themes and collaborative mechanisms that support interdisciplinary healthcare practice. The findings were synthesized through qualitative thematic analysis to construct an integrated conceptual framework. The results revealed that successful healthcare integration depends on five essential components: patient-centered care, interprofessional collaboration, effective communication, evidence-based practice, organizational leadership, and shared clinical decision-making. The proposed framework demonstrates that each healthcare discipline contributes specialized expertise while working collaboratively to improve diagnostic accuracy, medication safety, continuity of care, healthcare quality, and patient outcomes. The framework also emphasizes that effective interdisciplinary communication reduces fragmentation and strengthens coordinated healthcare delivery across different clinical settings. In conclusion, the proposed framework provides a comprehensive conceptual model that supports interdisciplinary collaboration and may guide healthcare professionals, educators, researchers, administrators, and policymakers in improving healthcare quality and developing integrated, sustainable, and patient-centered healthcare systems. Future studies are recommended to validate and apply the framework in different healthcare settings.
Qualitative theoretical framework, integrated healthcare, interdisciplinary collaboration, laboratory medicine, cardiovascular medicine, biomedical sciences, nursing, pharmacy, family medicine, patient-centered care.
Fayez Hammad Al-Shammari, Bejad Abdullah Aljohani
Ayman Saeed Alhawsawi, Abdullah Yahya Alfaifi
Khalid Yahya Jaber Alfalfi, Abdulaziz Mohammed Hadi Aseeri
Yahya Mofareh Mashyakhi, Sara Atiaha Almutairi
Sultan Khalid Falah Alzwehry, Aalaa Ahmed Bashaweih
Taghreed Hamad Alshaalan, Mohammed Hassan M. Alyosi
Immediate vs. Delayed Loading of Mandibular Mini-Implant Overdentures: A 12-Month Comparative Randomized Controlled Trial
Background and Aim: While mini-dental implants (MDIs) provide a minimally invasive surgical solution for prosthesis stabilization, the optimal timing for functional loading remains highly contested in the scientific literature. This clinical trial sought to evaluate the effects of immediate versus delayed loading protocols on marginal bone level (MBL) changes and peri-implant mucosal health around MDIs supporting mandibular overdentures. Methods: Twenty completely edentulous patients experiencing mandibular atrophy were randomly allocated (1:1 ratio) to either an Immediate Loading Group (n=10) or a Delayed Loading Group (n=10). Each participant received four one-piece mini-implants in the interforaminal region utilizing a flapless surgical approach. Implants in the immediate cohort were functionally loaded on the day of surgery via O-ring attachments. The delayed cohort received functional loading after a stringent three-month unloaded healing period. The primary outcome measure was MBL change, quantified via standardized digital periapical radiographs. Secondary outcomes included the Gingival Index (GI) and Probing Depth (PD). Statistical analysis was executed using repeated measures ANOVA and independent t-tests with a significance threshold set at α=0.05. Results: A total of 80 implants were placed, achieving a 100% cumulative survival rate at the twelve-month follow-up. Both groups exhibited progressive, physiological crestal bone remodeling. At twelve months, the Immediate Loading Group demonstrated a mean MBL of 0.87 ± 0.22 mm (95% CI: 0.79, 0.95), whereas the Delayed Loading Group exhibited a mean MBL of 1.01 ± 0.25 mm (95% CI: 0.92, 1.10). While this 0.14 mm variance was statistically significant (p = 0.042), it remains clinically negligible. GI scores were transiently lower in the immediate group at three and six months (p < 0.05) but converged completely by twelve months (Immediate: 1.88 ± 0.41; Delayed: 2.13 ± 0.52; p = 0.18). PD showed no statistically significant divergence between the cohorts across any observation interval. Conclusions: The immediate functional loading of 1.8 mm MDIs for the stabilization of mandibular overdentures resulted in highly comparable and predictable twelve-month clinical and radiographic outcomes when juxtaposed against a conventional delayed protocol. The immediate application of controlled functional forces did not precipitate adverse peri-implant tissue responses or pathological osteolysis, thereby validating the protocol as a predictable and patient-centric clinical modality.
Mandibular overdenture, mini-dental implants, immediate loading, marginal bone loss, flapless surgery, randomized controlled trial.
Waleed El-Sayed Meleek, Mostafa Abdel-Ghany
Abdelrahman Aly Karam, Ahmed Ragab Elbauomy
Rady Rady Elbaz, Esmail Ahmed Abdel-Gawwad
Marginal Discrepancy in Two CAD/CAM Zirconia Systems Subjected to Thermo Mechanical Cycling: A Stereomicroscopic Study
Background: Marginal adaptation constitutes a primary factor affecting the clinical longevity of all-ceramic fixed restorations. Despite the widespread clinical adoption of yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP), concerns persist regarding its susceptibility to hydrothermal low-temperature degradation (LTD). Ceria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia/alumina nanocomposite (Ce-TZP/Al₂O₃; NANOZR) has been introduced as an alternative with potentially superior aging resistance. Objectives: The purpose of the current research was to compare the marginal gap of NANOZR and Y-TZP all-ceramic crowns fabricated via CAD/CAM, prior to and following simulated thermo-mechanical aging. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four full-coverage ceramic crowns were constructed on standardized epoxy-resin dies reproducing a mandibular first molar preparation (1.2 mm chamfer finish line; 1.5–2.0 mm occlusal reduction; 20° total occlusal convergence). Specimens were equally allocated to two groups (n = 12 each): Group I – NANOZR (Ce-TZP/Al₂O₃; Yamakin, Japan) and Group II – Y-TZP (Katana™; Kuraray Noritake, Japan). Each group was subdivided into aged (n = 6) and unaged (n = 6) subgroups. Thermo-mechanical aging was performed using a ROBOTA chewing simulator (150,000 cycles; 50 N; integrated thermocycling). Marginal gap measurements (20 points/crown) were obtained by stereomicroscopy at 45× and quantified using ImageJ software. Results: Prior to aging, no significant inter-group difference was detected (p = 0.281). Following aging, Y-TZP demonstrated significantly greater marginal discrepancy than NANOZR (p = 0.035). Irrespective of material, thermo-mechanical aging significantly elevated overall marginal gap values (p < 0.0001). All recorded values remained below the 120 µm clinically acceptable threshold. Conclusions: NANOZR exhibited superior marginal stability relative to Y-TZP following simulated oral aging, likely attributable to its nanocomposite alumina-reinforced microstructure conferring resistance to LTD. Both materials produced clinically acceptable marginal gaps under the conditions tested. Thermo-mechanical aging adversely affected marginal adaptation in both ceramic systems.
Zirconia; Dental Marginal Adaptation; Computer-Aided Design; Dental Ceramics; Materials Testing.
Abdelrazek M. Fayed, Abdelrahman Essam Abdelrahman Elamassy
Ahmed Mohammed Saleem Abdelglel, Mostafa M. Ahmed
Suad M. Hassan, Ashraf Marawan El Azzazy
Cancer in Unani, Ayurvedic & Allopathic Medicine, Historical foundations, Traditional concept, Herbal therapeutics & Future Direction- A review article
Cancer is a complex group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation, invasion of surrounding tissues, and metastasis to distant organs. It remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, driven by genetic, environmental, and lifestyle-related risk factors. Despite significant advancements in modern oncology, including surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, the global cancer burden continues to rise, highlighting the need for integrated approaches to prevention, diagnosis, and management. This review explores the historical evolution of cancer understanding from ancient civilizations to modern molecular biology. Early descriptions from Egyptian medical papyri and Hippocratic writings laid the foundation for tumor recognition, while the contributions of Galen, Renaissance anatomists, and 19th-century pathologists such as Virchow established cancer as a disease of abnormal cellular proliferation. In modern medicine, cancer is defined as a genetic and molecular disorder, forming the basis of the field of Oncology. The study further compares conceptual frameworks of cancer in traditional systems of medicine, including Ayurveda and Unani, where cancer-like conditions are described as Arbuda, Granthi, and Sartan, attributed to imbalances in biological humors, doshas, and toxic accumulation. These systems emphasize detoxification, restoration of physiological balance, and herbal-based therapeutic interventions. Finally, the review highlights emerging trends in cancer management, including precision medicine, immunotherapy, liquid biopsy, nanotechnology, and artificial intelligence-driven diagnostics. The future of oncology is expected to focus on early detection, personalized treatment, reduced toxicity, and integration of evidence-based traditional therapies with modern medical science to improve patient outcomes and quality of life.
Cancer, Oncology, Ayurveda, Unani medicine, Herbal therapeutics, Immunotherapy, Precision medicine, History of medicine, Integrative oncology.
Dr. Jameel Ahmad Mohammad Abbas, Dr. Aslaaf Nayeem Shaikh
Dr. Shaikh Mudassar Shaikh Altaf Maniyar
Miss Jyoti Ashok Choudhari, Miss Nitisha Yuvraj Rangari
Unfolding the Intellectuality of Smart Tourism
The creative uses of smart tourism have increased marketing effectiveness in the last ten years. The concept of smart tourism is still developing in the literature, and this study aimed to outline its evolution and current intellectual structure. The objective of this article is to examine the changes in smart tourism research by using keyword co-occurrence frequency, keyword centrality, and clustering. Furthermore, this study investigated the duration along with the evolution of the intellectual structure similarities by examining the correlation index of keyword centrality between different time segments. This is the first study in tourism literature that uses five centralities (i.e., degree, betweenness, closeness, eigenvector, and page rank) and network analysis to demonstrate changes in the intellectual structure of smart tourism. 724 documents published in Web of Science and Scopus were divided into 7-time segments. The keyword "Smart services" was found with the highest frequency and centrality. The continuous changes in keyword usage in different time segments revealed that the keyword "smart tourism" emerged during the 2017-2018 and 2021-2022 segments only. The research findings of this article may be helpful for academicians and practitioners of smart tourism.
Smart Tourism, Intellectual Structure, Evolution, Paradigm Shift, Centrality, Network Analysis
Machine Learning–Driven Computational Identification of Prognostic Gene Signatures In Human Cancers With Experimental Validation
Background: Cancer is a major cause of both morbidity and mortality in global contexts, and hence, there exists a need to have valid prognostic biomarkers that could be used to guide individualized treatment modalities. The development of computational biology and machine learning has facilitated the discovery of prognostic gene signatures, but their clinical application is mostly subject to experimental validation. It is thus imperative to combine computational analysis with experimental validation in coming up with clinically meaningful prognostic models. Objective: This paper aimed to examine how computational and machine learning methods can be used to discover prognostic gene signatures in human cancer and to assess the relevance of experimental validation in making them more useful in clinical practice. Methodology: A structured questionnaire based on a quantitative, cross-sectional study design, where 222 respondents with expertise in bioinformatics, computational biology, and cancer research could complete the questionnaire. The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, machine learning–assisted computational analysis normality test, reliability and validity test, and inferential statistics, which included: independent samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis test, Chi-Square test of independence, Pearson correlation test, and multiple regression analysis. The statistical tests were conducted on SPSS, and the level of significance was set at p 0.05. Results: Findings showed that the data were normally distributed and, as such, showed high reliability and construct validity. The results of inferential tests showed that demographic variables and the key constructs of the study had significant differences and relationships. Pearson correlation machine learning–assisted computational analysis revealed that there were strong positive relationships between computational understanding, confidence in computational methods, experimental validation, and clinical usefulness. Regression analysis revealed that the predictors of clinical usefulness were found to be significantly positive and were as follows: computational understanding, confidence in computational methods, and experimental validation, explaining a significant percentage of variance in the model. Conclusion: The results of this paper support the idea that computational detection of prognostic gene signatures, when used with experimental validation, substantially increases their clinical usefulness. The paper discusses the significance of integrative machine learning–driven computational and experimental strategies in the future of cancer prognostics studies and as a tool in the personalized management of cancer.
Machine learning, Computational biology, Prognostic gene signatures, Cancer genomics, Experimental validation, Bioinformatics, Clinical usefulness.
Elton Bicalho do Carmo, Md Ahnaf Tajwar Kamal
Nawfat Kamal Munifa, Surya Mohan Reddy Kattera
AI-Driven Assessment of The Efficacy And Safety of Gene and Cell-Based Therapies for Ischemic Heart Disease: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials
Background: Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. In spite of the new technology in revascularization and pharmacotherapy, a significant number of patients still report refractory angina, dysfunction of perfusion and chronic ventricular dysfunction. Gene and cell-based regenerative therapies are some of the biological interventions that have been identified as promising because of their ability to promote angiogenesis, reduce ischemic injury, and augment myocardial repair. The results of clinical trials have however been inconsistent and the overall effectiveness, safety, and quality of such therapies have not been adequately synthesized. Objective: To carry out a systematic review and assessment of the effectiveness, safety, and methodological quality of clinical trials on gene-based and cell-based therapies of IHD, and also to compare therapeutic outcomes among the various types of vectors, various cell populations, different routes of delivery, and types of imaging. Methods: A methodical search of PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov and IEEE Xplore and Google Scholar was done to find studies published between 2000 and January 2024. They consisted of randomized controlled trials, controlled cohorts, and phase I-III human clinical trials on gene or cell therapies to treat IHD. Screening, data extraction, and quality assessment were conducted by two independent reviewers based on Cochrane RoB 2 and ROBINS-I software. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to pool the outcomes of LVEF, perfusion indices, angina frequency, 6-minute walk distance and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Correlation analysis was used to measure relationships among dose, sample size, delivery route, imaging modalities and therapeutic results. Results: Out of the 5,820 records identified, 42 trials comprising of 4980 treated patients and 3450 controls had passed the inclusion criteria. Combined results showed an improvement of +4.2% (95% CI 3.152) in mean LVEF and 9.1% in mean perfusion defect in treatment groups, with the most functional improvements of +56) and VEGF/HGF gene therapies having the greatest perfusion improvements. Symptomatic improvement entailed a decrease of 3.8 angina episodes/week and increment of 46 meters in 6-minute walk distance. The results of safety outcomes were positive as there were no significant differences between the controls and mortality, arrhythmias, and MACE. Correlations found therapeutic response positively correlated with increased cell count or higher dose of vectors (r = 0.62), intramyocardial delivery (r = 0.71), and AI-assisted quantification of imaging (r = 0.58). The methodological heterogeneity was still high particularly in the type of delivery methods, types of vectors, cell processing, and follow-up period. Conclusions: Both gene-based and cell-based therapy has shown promising efficacies along with satisfactory safety profiles in the enhancement of myocardial perfusion, ventricular functioning, and symptom burden of IHD. Angiogenic gene vectors, MSCs, and CPCs seem to be the most efficient. Nevertheless, variability in the protocols, small sample size, and short follow up periods are a limitation to clinical translation. To advance in the future, it is necessary to conduct large and multicentric trials using standardized means of delivery, using standardized imaging criteria, using AI-enhanced outcome measurement, and conducting long-term safety follow-up. Regenerative therapies with proper standardization and validation can become a permanent part of the precision cardiology of patients with severe ischemic disease.
Heart disease ischemic; Artificial Intelligence; gene therapy; stem cell therapy; cardiac regeneration; myocardial perfusion; angiogenesis; regenerative medicine; clinical trials.
Md Samir Murad, Mohammad Delowar Hossain Gazi
Surya Mohan Reddy Kattera, Kashafat Tanjil Safina
Stem Cell Therapy Applications in Surgical Wound Repair: A Qualitative Systematic Review
Background: Stem cell therapy has emerged as a promising regenerative approach for enhancing surgical wound healing. Wound repair is a complex biological process involving inflammation, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and tissue remodeling. However, various clinical conditions such as diabetes and vascular insufficiency may impair this process and lead to delayed healing. Methods: This qualitative systematic review aimed to explore the biological mechanisms, clinical applications, and translational challenges of stem cell therapy in surgical wound repair. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Priority was given to recent studies published from 2019 onward; however, seminal earlier studies were included where foundational mechanistic or regulatory relevance justified their inclusion. Results: The findings indicate that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play a significant role in wound healing through immunomodulation, promotion of angiogenesis, and enhancement of extracellular matrix remodeling. Various delivery methods, including direct injection and biomaterial scaffolds, have shown promising outcomes. However, several challenges remain, including variability in stem cell sources, lack of standardized protocols, and regulatory limitations affecting clinical translation. Conclusions: Stem cell therapy demonstrates substantial potential in improving surgical wound healing and tissue regeneration. Despite encouraging results, further standardized clinical trials and regulatory frameworks are required to support widespread clinical application.
Wound healing; Stem cells; Mesenchymal stem cells; Regenerative medicine; Tissue engineering; Surgical wound repair
Zainab Ali AlSalem, Lamis Shafi Raddad Alanzi
Omar Hatim Alshammari, Maram Meshal AL Amari
Samar Hazza Alojmani, Talah Abdulelah Ahjuhni
Saud Sultan Alharbi, Bashg Mohammed AlMandil
Impact of Post–Cardiac Valve Replacement Surgery Nutrition on Recovery, Inflammation, And Quality of Life Among Cardiac Patients
Background: After cardiac valve replacement surgery, there is a pronounced inflammatory response and heightened metabolic rate. The adequacy of nutrition may affect immune modulation, recovery parameters, and quality of life (QOL), but there is a paucity of combined prospective data. Objective: To assess the effect of postoperative nutritional status on inflammation, recovery, and QOL in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement surgery. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was performed from January 2026 to March 2026 in a tertiary care cardiothoracic surgery unit. A total of 250 adult patients (18-80 years) undergoing elective aortic, mitral, or double valve replacement surgery were studied. Postoperative nutritional status was determined by dietary and biochemical parameters (calorie and protein intake, serum albumin, prealbumin, hemoglobin, vitamin D, and omega-3 fatty acid intake), and patients were classified as having adequate, moderate, or poor nutrition. Inflammatory response was measured by CRP levels (Day 1, Day 3, and Day 7). Recovery parameters included wound healing score, ejection fraction (EF), and ambulation time. QOL was measured by SF-36/WHOQOL-BREF questionnaires at baseline (discharge), 1 month, and 3 months. Statistical analysis included descriptive and comparative statistics using independent t-test/ANOVA, with p<0.05 considered significant. Results: Mean age was 56.27 ± 12.74 years, with 133 (53.2%) male and 117 (46.8%) female patients. CRP values reduced in all nutritional groups from Day 1 to Day 7. In the adequate nutrition group, mean CRP reduced from 30.43 ± 12.51 (Day 1) to 21.03 ± 11.96 (Day 7). Comparison between adequate and poor nutrition groups revealed no statistically significant difference in CRP values on Day 1 (p=0.973), Day 3 (p=0.975), and Day 7 (p=0.937). Recovery rates were in favor of the adequate nutrition group, with higher wound healing score (7.50 ± 1.70 vs 7.02 ± 1.64, p=0.155), slightly higher EF (55.12 ± 5.83 vs 53.90 ± 5.76, p=0.329), and earlier ambulation (3.82 ± 1.42 vs 4.24 ± 1.51 days, p=0.228) compared with the poor nutrition group. QOL scores improved progressively in all groups; at 3 months, QOL scores were higher in the adequate nutrition group (73.33 ± 5.11) compared with the poor nutrition group (71.57 ± 5.66), with a near-significant trend (p=0.095). Conclusion: Nutritional adequacy postoperatively showed consistent favorable trends towards recovery and 3-month QOL post cardiac valve replacement surgery, while the lack of statistically significant difference in early postoperative CRP levels between adequate and poor nutrition groups was noted.
Cardiac valve replacement; Postoperative nutrition; Inflammation; C-reactive protein; Recovery outcomes; Wound healing; Quality of life; SF-36; Cardiopulmonary bypass; Nutritional status.
Dr. Amrita Masih, Dr. Rakesh Verma, Anuradha Singh
Effectiveness of Arthrocentesis for TMJ Disorders - A Retrospective Analysis
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is one of the most complex and frequently used joints in the human body. It is a bilateral synovial articulation that connects the mandibular condyle to the temporal bone of the skull and plays a vital role in essential functions such as mastication, speech, swallowing, yawning, and facial expression. The joint consists of the mandibular condyle, articular eminence, glenoid fossa, articular disc, ligaments, and associated muscles, all of which work in harmony to facilitate smooth mandibular movements(1). Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMJDs) represent a group of musculoskeletal and neuromuscular conditions affecting the TMJ, masticatory muscles, and associated structures. These disorders are among the most common causes of non-dental orofacial pain and can significantly impair an individual’s quality of life. Clinical manifestations of TMJDs include pain in the preauricular region, joint sounds such as clicking or crepitus, restricted mouth opening, deviation of the mandible during movement, headaches, ear-related symptoms, and difficulty in chewing.(2) The etiology of TMJDs is multifactorial and may involve trauma, parafunctional habits, psychological stress, occlusal discrepancies, inflammatory conditions, and degenerative joint diseases(2,3).
Cytotoxicity and Anti Oxidant Effect of Malaleuca Alternifolia
Since ancient times, medicinal plants have been extensively used in traditional healthcare systems for the prevention and treatment of various diseases. In developing countries, a large proportion of the population continues to depend on traditional medicine due to its accessibility, affordability, and perceived safety. Natural products derived from medicinal plants have gained significant attention as potential therapeutic agents because they contain a wide variety of bioactive compounds with pharmacological properties. Consequently, medicinal plants have become an important source for the discovery and development of novel drugs used in the treatment of infections, cancer, inflammatory disorders, and other chronic diseases.(1)
Samudhrasri S, DR. S Rajalakshmanan Eswaramoorthy
Impact of Diabetes on Clinical, Radiological, and Microbiological Parameters in Patients Suspected of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Objective: Diabetes mellitus is a documented risk factor that modifies the clinical course and severity of pulmonary tuberculosis. Therefore, this study compares the clinical presentation, radiological features, and microbiological findings of pulmonary tuberculosis patients with and without diabetes mellitus. Methodology: This cross-sectional experimental study was conducted in institute of Basic Medical Sciences (IBMS), Khyber Medical University. A total of 103 patients aged ≥18 years diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis, categorized into two groups based on their diabetic status: with Diabetes (n = 52) and without Diabetes (n = 51), were included in the study. A chi-square test was used to examine the association of clinical, radiological and microbiological findings between both groups. Additionally, a Mann Whitney test was employed to analyze the relationship between the means of demographic variables between groups. Results: The study findings showed that the diabetic patients more frequently reported weight loss 48(92.3%) vs. 39(76.5%) and reduced appetite 47(90.4%) vs. 33(64.7%). On chest X-ray, lower zone involvement was significantly higher in diabetics 29(55.8%), while non-diabetics showed more upper 16(31.4%) and middle zone 18(35.3%) opacities. CT findings similarly showed predominant lower zone disease in diabetics 28(53.8%) and greater upper zone involvement in non-diabetics 17(33.3%). Microbiological tests including AFB culture (28.8% vs. 25.5%) and ZN staining (26.9% vs. 25.5%), did not differ significantly between groups. Conclusion: This study concluded that diabetic patients exhibited significantly higher rates of weight loss, reduced appetite, and a greater burden of lower-zone lung involvement on both CXR and CT imaging, whereas non-diabetic patients more frequently showed upper and middle zone abnormalities and mediastinal changes.
Pulmonary Tuberculosis, sputum, clinical symptoms, chest X-ray.
Rahmat Ullah Jan, Satheesh Babu Natarajan, Nasir Ali
Prakṛti Assessment Through Artificial Intelligence: Classical Foundations, Computational Approaches, And Future Directions In Personalised Āyurvedic Medicine — A Comprehensive Narrative Review
Background- Prakṛti (psychophysiological constitution) is a foundational concept in Āyurveda that determines individual susceptibility to disease, drug response, and therapeutic outcomes. Traditional Prakṛti assessment relies on subjective clinical evaluation — physical examination, questionnaires, and pulse diagnosis — which suffers from inter-practitioner variability, lack of standardisation, and limited scalability. The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), and Deep Learning (DL) technologies offers transformative potential for objectifying, standardising, and scaling Prakṛti assessment through computational approaches. Objective- To comprehensively review the classical conceptualisation of Prakṛti in Āyurveda, systematically evaluate contemporary AI and ML approaches for Prakṛti classification including questionnaire-based models, pulse waveform analysis, facial image recognition, tongue diagnosis, genomic data mining, natural language processing, and wearable sensor integration; and to critically assess the current evidence, methodological challenges, ethical considerations, and future directions for AI-driven Prakṛti assessment in personalised medicine. Methods- Classical Āyurvedic texts (Charaka Samhitā Vimāna Sthāna 8, Suśruta Samhitā Śārīra Sthāna 4, Aṣṭāṅgahṛdayam Śārīra Sthāna 3) were reviewed for the Prakṛti framework. Published peer-reviewed literature on AI/ML applications in Prakṛti assessment was searched on PubMed, IEEE Xplore, Scopus, Google Scholar, DHARA, and AYUSH Research Portal using terms 'Prakriti machine learning', 'Ayurveda artificial intelligence', 'constitution classification deep learning', 'pulse diagnosis AI', 'Ayurvedic phenotyping computational', 'Prakriti genomics AI', and related terms. Publications from 2010 to 2025 were included. Grey literature including conference proceedings and dissertations were also considered. Results- Multiple AI/ML modalities have been applied to Prakṛti classification. Questionnaire-based models using Random Forest, SVM, and ANN achieve 75–93% classification accuracy for three-class (Vāta/Pitta/Kapha) discrimination. Pulse waveform analysis using piezoelectric/PPG sensors combined with CNN and LSTM architectures achieves 70–92% accuracy. Facial image analysis using computer vision and transfer learning (VGG16, ResNet) demonstrates 65–85% concordance with expert assessment. Genomic data integration using supervised learning on SNP profiles and gene expression data achieves significant Prakṛti discrimination. NLP-based analysis of classical texts enables automated feature extraction. Wearable IoT platforms combining multi-modal data show promising preliminary results. Key challenges include small datasets, class imbalance, lack of gold-standard labelling, and limited external validation. Conclusion - AI-driven Prakṛti assessment represents a high-potential convergence of traditional knowledge and modern computational science. While current evidence demonstrates feasibility and promising accuracy across multiple modalities, the field requires larger datasets, standardised clinical labelling protocols, multi-modal data fusion approaches, external validation across diverse populations, and robust ethical frameworks for deployment. The integration of AI-based Prakṛti tools into clinical Āyurvedic practice, telemedicine, preventive health screening, and pharmacogenomics could fundamentally transform personalised medicine delivery.
Artificial Intelligence, Āyurveda, Classification, Deep Learning, Machine Learning, Personalised medicine, Phenotyping, Prakṛti, Tridoṣa, Wearable sensors
Green Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Mediated by Carica papaya Leaf Extract and Their Enhanced Antibacterial Activity
Background: The emergence of multidrug-resistant microorganisms has necessitated the development of novel antimicrobial agents. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using medicinal plant extracts offers an eco-friendly and cost-effective alternative to conventional nanoparticle synthesis methods. Carica papaya leaves are rich in bioactive phytochemicals that can act as reducing and stabilizing agents during nanoparticle synthesis. Aim: The present study aimed to synthesize silver nanoparticles using Carica papaya leaf extract, characterize the synthesized nanoparticles, and evaluate their antimicrobial efficacy against selected bacterial and fungal pathogens. Materials and Methods: Aqueous leaf extract of Carica papaya was prepared and utilized for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using UV–Visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Antimicrobial activity was assessed using the agar well diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans at concentrations of 25 and 100 µg/mL. Results: UV–Visible spectroscopy confirmed nanoparticle formation through the appearance of a characteristic absorption band around 260–280 nm. FTIR analysis revealed the presence of hydroxyl, amine, and phenolic functional groups involved in nanoparticle reduction and stabilization. SEM images demonstrated irregularly shaped and aggregated nanoparticles. Antimicrobial studies revealed significant inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans, with inhibition zones of 23 mm and 28 mm respectively at 100 µg/mL concentration. Conclusion: Carica papaya leaf extract-mediated silver nanoparticles were successfully synthesized and exhibited promising antimicrobial activity. The synthesized nanoparticles may serve as potential candidates for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications.
Innovation, Sustainability, Carica papaya, Silver nanoparticles, Green synthesis, Antimicrobial activity, SEM, FTIR, UV–Vis spectroscopy.
Knowledge and Awareness of Socket Preservation Procedures Among Dental Students - A Survey
Introduction: The volume of the alveolar bone after extraction is maintained through socket preservation, typically for an implant or fixed partial denture pontic site. This surgery aids in making up for the loss of facial bone tissue. When implant placement must be postponed due to patient- or site-related issues, socket preservation should be taken into account. Autograft, allograft, xenograft, and alloplast are frequently used as biomaterials in socket grafting procedures. Materials and Methodology: An online survey was conducted among 200 undergraduate dental students consisting of questions on socket preservation, its usage, forms, types of grafts to test their knowledge. The result was obtained and respective responses were statistically analyzed in SPSS using descriptive analysis. Results: 66% of the students did not have knowledge about the use of socket preservation. 56% answered correctly that the growth factors used for socket preservation are BMP-2 and MSC. 67% were unaware that guided bone regeneration can improve ridge height and width. 56% of the students knew autograft is the golden standard when it comes to grafts. 45% were aware that socket sealing aids better tissue healing. Conclusion: The knowledge of socket preservation, its techniques and various bone grafts is unsatisfactory among dental students. There is a need for more knowledge, awareness and research regarding socket preservation.
Awareness, Grafting, Knowledge, Ridge Grafting, Socket Preservation, Socket Sealing, Wellbeing, Health, Disease
A Study of Post Operative Complications of Thyroid Surgery
Introduction- Thyroidectomy continues a difficult surgical treatment. Because are numerous critical & sensitive anatomy elements near area of thyroid, as well as great blood supply in area of neck, which makes procedure highly vulnerable to difficulties. Methodology- This Prospective Cohort Study was conducted among postoperative patient who are diagnosed with thyroid swelling among 50 Inpatients and outpatients selected using Convenient Sampling. Patients admitted and positively diagnosed as having thyroid swellings requiring surgical management and willing for surgery and above 18 years were included in this study. Demographic data such as age and sex will be recorded. Patients will be interviewed for the history and a thorough physical examination will be conducted including Vitals, Systemic examination, neck examination after due informed consent is taken. Results- Thyroid disease is more common in females in the male female ratio of 1:8. Overall incidence of hypocalcemia is (15/54) 27.7%. All of them are transient and none is permanent. Incidence of hypocalcemia is more in more extensive surgery. Highest in total thyroidectomy. Two cases of cord paralysis was seen. Conclusion- There has been a significant reduction in the incidence of complications and mortality in thyroid surgery due to improved surgical techniques.
Thyroidectomy, Post op complications, Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Palsy
Akash Krishna, G. Muralidharan, Reshma Rajeev
Suture Length To Wound Length Ratio For Healing and Occurrence of Incisional Hernia of Midline Laparotomy Incisions
Introduction- Incisional hernia increases the length of hospital stay, readmission, future surgery, delayed adjuvant treatment, suboptimal esthetic outcome, and impaired psychosocial well-being. Methodology- Prospective Comparison Type of Study with Sample size of 110 and Sampling technique used was Convenient Sampling. All patients undergoing abdominal procedure through a midline incision, older than 18 years and with Elective and Emergency laparotomy surgeries operated for Intra-abdominal pathology were included in the study while subjects with mentally incapable of giving consent, who have undergone multiple abdominal surgeries and patients who had an incisional hernia after previous midline operation. Quantitative variables like age, mean length of incision will be analyzed and presented using mean and SD. Chi square test or Fisher's exact test was used. Results- Mean age was comparable in between both groups. Comparison of patients based on ASA among Group A and B calculated using chi square test, p=0.01, which is <0.05 which shows statistical Significant difference between ASA Score among Group A and B. Suture material used among Group A and B by Unpaired t- test, p=0.07, which is >0.05 which shows no Statistical Significant difference. Conclusion- The suture length to wound length ratio depends on the size of tissue bites, the distance between bites and the tension on the suture.
Tummapala Sai Dutt Bharat, G Muralidharan
Chemotherapy Response Score Following Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and its Association with Surgical Outcome and Early Prognosis in Advanced Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: A Single-Center Study
Background: Chemotherapy response score (CRS) is a histopathologic measure of tumor regression following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. Evidence from resource-limited settings remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate the association of CRS with surgical cytoreduction, platinum resistance, disease progression, and survival following NACT and interval debulking surgery (IDS). Methods: This prospective observational cohort included 153 women with FIGO stage III–IV epithelial ovarian cancer treated at NICRH, Dhaka, from January 2017 to December 2019, with follow-up through December 2022. All patients received paclitaxel–carboplatin NACT followed by IDS. CRS was assigned using a three-tier system and categorized as CRS 1–2 versus CRS 3. Group comparisons were performed using t-tests and chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests. Logistic regression assessed progression at 1 and 3 years, while progression-free survival (PFS) was analyzed using Kaplan–Meier curves with log-rank testing. Results: Among 153 patients, 126 were CRS 1–2 and 27 were CRS 3. R0 resection was achieved in 88.9% of CRS 3 compared with 35.7% of CRS 1–2 (p < 0.001). Platinum resistance occurred in 54.8% of CRS 1–2 and none in CRS 3 (p < 0.001). One- and three-year survival rates were significantly higher in CRS 3. CRS 1–2 and residual disease independently predicted progression, while PFS was significantly improved in CRS 3. Conclusion: CRS is a strong predictor of cytoreduction, platinum sensitivity, progression risk, and survival outcomes after NACT–IDS in advanced ovarian cancer.
Chemotherapy Response Score, Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy, High-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma, Interval Debulking Surgery, Progression-Free Survival
Evaluation of the impaction of surgical intervention and its predictive factors in patients with chronic obstructive renal failure.
Objective: To evaluate results of surgical intervention in patients with chronic obstructive renal failure with assessment of some of the factors that may predict favorable outcomes. Patients and methods: Eighty-six patients diagnosed clinically with chronic obstructive renal failure (53 men and 33 women ranging in age between 25 and 69 years) included in this study from July 2022 to September 2025. The patients were divided according to history of renal impairment and/or regular dialysis into two groups: Group (A): Patients with no regular dialysis (46 patients) (28 males & 18 females. Group (B): Patients with regular dialysis (40 patients) (25 males & 15 females. All patients have been evaluated according to the protocol of obstructive uropathy preoperatively and followed up for 6 months post operatively. Results: Patients of group A, showed improvement in 33 patients (71.74%), equivocal improvement in7 patients (15.22%) and did not improve in 6 patients (13.04). In patients of group B, renal functions showed different degrees of improvement as follow: In 14 patients (35%) good improvement and subsequent complete weaning from dialysis occurred, while in 16 patients (40%) there was a decrease in weekly dialysis sessions from 3 to 2 sessions/week. In the remaining 10 patients (25%) there was no improvement and patients continued to have regular dialysis as preintervention. The overall complications in this series were (12.79%). The incidence was much more in the chronic cases group B. Conclusion: There is evidence of reversibility of renal function after long standing obstruction which provides justification for efforts to identify and treat urinary tract obstruction even if a patient with an obstruction requires dialysis to avoid the dialysis or kidney transplantation or helping patients under dialysis for complete weaning form dialysis or decrease their number of weekly sessions, and in all cases the risk of the procedures should be weighed against the chances of improvement.
Chronic obstructive renal failure, dialysis, surgical intervention.
Ahmed Shaalan, Saad Alqasem, Ali Al-Gonaim
Mosab F. Alassal, Abdelhamid Ali Khattab
Molecular Docking Analysis on The Identification The Activation of Endogenous Beta Endorphin on The Regulation of Neuro Inflammatory Signalling Relevant To Inflammatory Mediated Cancer
BACKGROUND: Beta-endorphin is an opioid neuropeptide which has an important role in paracrine communication of brain messages. Beta-endorphin is the missing link between the neuron and the wall of the arteriole, it is a fundamental neurotransmitter.When you exercise, a chemical is released by the body called beta-endorphins which interact with the receptors in your brain to reduce the perception of pain. AIM: To analyse the beta endorphin interaction with inflammatory markers and also to identify the activation of endogenous beta-endorphin on the regulation of neuro inflammatory signalling. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The molecular docking analysis is a bioinformatic study conducted in a private dental college. The endogenous substance Beta-endorphin which is secreted after exercise is used as a target protein.The interaction of beta-endorphin with the proteins relevant to inflammatory mediated cancer namely IL-6,TNF-alpha, MMP are included for docking analysis. The protein structure is retrieved using protein data bank, protein protein docking done using patch dock server followed by visualization of protein-protein interaction using pymol. RESULTS: The representation of beta endorphin with IL-6, TNF-alpha, MMP complex showed good shape complementarity. From that we identified that the amino acids THR-16, LEU-17, PHE-18, LYS-19, ASN-20, ALA-21, ILE-22, LYS-24, ALA-26, TYR-27, GLY-30 AND GLU-31 residues of Beta endorphin mostly involved in the interaction wilt IL-6, TNF-alpha and MMP. These residues are also present in the active site region of beta-endorphin. CONCLUSION: From the results of the analysis and within the limitations of the study it can be concludeb the role of exercise induced beta endorphin may act as a regulator of IL-6, TNF- alpha signalling in inflammatory mediated cancer.
Cancer; beta-endorphin;TNF-alpha; IL-6; MMP; inflammatory mediated cancer;innovative method.
Correlation of Clinical Symptoms with Hematological and Biochemical Abnormalities Among Tuberculosis Patients.
Objective: Tuberculosis (TB) is a key health issue and is characterized by a wide variety of clinical symptoms which can be affected by the underlying biochemical and hematological status of the patients. Therefore, this study assessed the association of clinical symptoms with biochemical and hematological findings among patients with tuberculosis. Methodology: This cross-sectional experimental study was conducted in institute of Basic Medical Sciences (IBMS), Khyber Medical University. A total of 103 patients aged ≥15 years suspected with pulmonary tuberculosis, were included in the study. A chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test was used to observe the association between clinical symptoms and demographics, hematological, and biochemical findings. Additionally, a Mann Whitney test was employed to analyze the relationship between the means of demographic variables. Results: The study findings showed that all patients reported cough, and 100 (97.1%) had fever, with no significant association between symptoms and demographics, comorbidities, medication use, or hematological markers such as TLC and ESR (p>0.05). Significant associations were found with diabetes, where weight loss 48 (55.2%) (p=0.032) and reduced appetite (p=0.002) were more common among diabetics. Reduced appetite was also significantly linked to fasting blood sugar levels (p=0.017) and chronic illness (p=0.020), while all other variables showed no significant associations. Conclusion: This study concluded that comorbid diabetes and chronic illnesses were significantly associated with main clinical symptoms, such as weight loss and reduced appetite. A significant association was identified between fasting blood sugar levels and reduced appetite. In contrast, hematological parameters including Total Leukocyte Count (TLC) and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR), showed no significant association with clinical symptoms.
Pulmonary Tuberculosis, clinical symptoms, reduced apatite, weight loss, hematological parameters
Dr. Rahmat Ullah Jan, Prof Dr. Satheesh Babu Natarajan
Speech and Swallowing Following Tongue Cancer Surgery and Free Flap Reconstruction-A Systematic Review
Introduction-Tongue restoration presents a number of difficulties, including pedicle or free flaps, with variances resulting from the creation of the entire neotongue or the remaining native tongue tissue. Methods: Research on functional outcomes following tongue restoration with flaps was found using a thorough search of Embase, PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. 42 of the 782 articles were reviewed. The Critical Appraisal Skills Program instrument was used by four independent researchers to evaluate bias risk. Results: While free flaps like the radial forearm and anterolateral thigh were commonly utilised, the submental flap was the most common pedicle flap. Rebuilding type, postoperative radiation, and the extent of resection all affected functional results. In terms of functionality, neo-tongue reconstruction was different from oral tongue reconstruction. Speech results were comparable across pedicle and free flaps, while swallow outcomes were better with sensory or motor- innervated flaps. Conclusions: The study’s findings are limited by inconsistent data, retrospective designs, and lack of standardized methods, necessitating cautious interpretation. Free flaps consistently offer better functional outcomes for tongue reconstruction, improving over time with rehabilitation.
Gastrointestinal Tract Duplications, a Multicenter study
Background: Gastrointestinal tract duplications are uncommon congenital abnormalities with variable clinical presentations, ranging from abdominal distension to intestinal obstruction. Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics, surgical management, and outcomes of pediatric patients with gastrointestinal tract duplications at a tertiary center. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on 28 pediatric patients diagnosed with gastrointestinal tract duplications. Inclusion criteria comprised patients who underwent surgical management with complete medical records. Data on demographics, clinical presentation, anatomical site, duplication type, associated anomalies, surgical procedures, and postoperative outcomes were analyzed. Clinical evaluation, imaging, and histopathology confirmed diagnoses. Surgical approaches included resection with primary anastomosis, stoma formation, excision/enucleation, and partial excision with mucosal stripping, depending on lesion type and location. Results: The most prevalent symptoms were abdominal distension and vomiting (50%), followed by abdominal mass (28.6%). Ileal duplications were most frequent (67.8%), followed by jejunal (14.3%) and gastric (7.1%) lesions. Cystic duplications predominated (60.7%). Resection with primary anastomosis was performed in 75% of patients. Overall, 23 patients (82.1%) had favorable outcomes, while 5 (17.9%) experienced complications, primarily sepsis (4 cases) and anastomotic leak (1 case). Conclusion: Gastrointestinal tract duplications mainly present in early childhood with a slight male predominance. Early diagnosis and appropriate surgical management, primarily resection with anastomosis, result in favorable outcomes, with complications largely related to infection.
Gastrointestinal duplications, pediatric surgery, cystic duplication, ileum
Hatem W Alsherbiny,, Alsayed M Othman MD,
Endometrial Carcinoma With Prominent Squamous Differentiation In A Postmenopausal Woman: A Case Report
Background: Endometrial Carcinoma is the most common gynecological malignancy in the postmenopausal age group. Squamous differentiation is an uncommon histological variant that may pose diagnostic challenges, particularly in distinguishing it from primary cervical malignancy. Case Presentation: We report a case of a postmenopausal woman, who presented with complaints of postmenopausal bleeding. Imaging revealed a thickened endometrium. Histopathological examination of the endometrial sampling suggested invasive carcinoma with extensive squamous differentiation, raising a differential diagnosis between cervical and endometrial origin. The patient underwent staging laparotomy with total abdominal hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy. Final histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of endometrioid carcinoma with squamous differentiation with involvement of bilateral fallopian tubes in the absence of myometrial invasion. Conclusion-This case highlights the diagnostic challenge posed by squamous differentiation in endometrial carcinoma and demonstrates an unusual pattern of tumor spread to the fallopian tubes without myometrial invasion. Recognition of such atypical presentations is essential for accurate diagnosis, staging, and management.
Endometrial carcinoma, Squamous differentiation, Postmenopausal bleeding, Case report
Contraceptive Conversations: Exploring Awareness, Beliefs, and Stigma around Contraception in Urban India
Background: Despite improved access to contraceptive methods in urban India, widespread misinformation, social stigma, and limited education continue to restrict their effective use. Critically, poor contraceptive knowledge has direct implications beyond reproductive health — low condom uses increases exposure to oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV), while gaps in knowledge around hormonal contraceptives leave users unaware of associated cancer risks. This study aimed to evaluate current knowledge, attitudes, and practices around contraception to identify persisting gaps and their potential carcinogenic implications. Objectives: To assess awareness, knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and acceptance around contraceptive practices among urban Indians, with a focus on knowledge gaps that may contribute to increased cancer risk through suboptimal contraceptive behaviours. Methods: A cross-sectional online awareness survey of 240 participants (140 females and 100 males) aged 18 to 50 years was conducted between September and October 2025. Results: Females showed notably greater openness in discussing contraception than males. The male condom was the most recognised and used method, yet awareness of its role in HPV and cancer prevention was absent. Awareness of IUDs and implants was poor. Over 50% lacked knowledge on the correct use of oral contraceptive pills, including unawareness of associated cancer risk profiles. 30% believed contraceptives adversely affect fertility or sexual function. 75% equated emergency contraception with abortion. 80% found sex education inadequate and 70% had not received contraceptive counselling from a healthcare professional — counselling that would typically include cancer risk information. Over 50% expressed a need for a dedicated contraceptive helpline. Conclusion: Knowledge gaps, societal myths, and stigma continue to hinder the widespread acceptance and correct use of contraceptives in urban India. Addressing misinformation through comprehensive sex education, proactive healthcare counselling, and community-based awareness initiatives is crucial to promoting informed, appropriate, and stigma-free practices.
Contraception, Awareness, Urban India, Stigma, Hpv, Cervical Cancer, Oral Contraceptive Pill, Cancer Risk, Condom Use, Knowledge Gaps, Sexual Health, Family Planning
Dr. Suhani Chadha*, Dr. Tanya Buckshee Rohatgi
Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Melanoma: Who and When? A Literature Review
Melanoma is the mostdeadly form of skin cancer globally and causes considerable morbidity if not detected early. Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNBx) is an important staging technique used to guide prognosis and therapy; however, its application in thin and thick melanomas remains controversial. This review examines evidence from studies identified through PubMed, Cochrane Review, and Google Scholar that address SLNBx techniques, outcomes, and indications. The findings indicate that SLNBx should be considered standard practice for intermediate-thickness melanomas (1.0–4.0 mm). In thin melanomas (<1.0 mm), it should be used selectively in patients with high-risk pathological features, while in thick melanomas (>4.0 mm), it provides staging value, although its impact on survival remains unclear. The MSLT-I trial demonstrated improved disease-free survival with early nodal treatment in sentinel node–positive patients with intermediate-thickness melanoma. In conclusion, SLNBx is a valuable tool in melanoma management and should be applied based on tumor thickness and associated risk factors.
Melanoma, Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy, Lymphatic Mapping, Tumor Thickness, Clinical Algorithm, Staging
Elaine S Cyrus, Ulrich Rodeck, Richard Wang
AI-Driven Mendelian Randomization for Biomarker Discovery in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review of Precision Medicine Approaches
Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) still represents a heterogeneous autoimmune disease where the predictability of biomarkers is an important early step that is pivotal in personalized therapy. Mendelian randomization (MR) provides causal estimates of candidate biomarkers, despite the possible limitation of traditional MR with weak instruments and pleiotropy. Recent advances of artificial intelligence (AI) into MR processes hold the promise of better instrument selection and model stability, potentially revolutionizing precision medicine regarding RA. Objective: To perform a systematic review and synthesize of evidence about the application of AI-enhanced Mendelian randomization (AI-MR) to identify and confirm diagnoses and prognostic biomarkers in RA. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of science, Scopus, Cochrane library, IEE Xplorer and Google Scholar were searched systematically due to publications during 2012 to March 2025. Qualified articles used AI-based feature selection or pleiotropy-control of MR-based biomarker prioritization applications in RA. Two independent reviewers screened and extracted the data. The quality of the methodology was assessed with the help of ROBINS-I and QUADAS-2 and PRISMA 2020 guidelines were adhered to. Random-effects meta-analysis combined odds ratios (ORs), sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve (AUC). Correlation analysis was used to examine relationships between characteristics of study design and predictive accuracy. Results: Of the initial 4,615 records, 34 studies were included and they included 7,200 RA cases and 11,000 controls in multi-ethnic cohorts. Instruments were reinforced using AI techniques that included LASSO, elastic net, random forest, and deep neural pleiotropy filters ( median F-statistic 34). Combined diagnostic performance of AI-MR biomarker panels was sensitivity 0.81 (95% CI 0.770.85) specificity 0.79 (95% CI 0.740.83) and AUC 0.86. IL-6, TNF and IL-1b had the strongest causal information (average pooled OR of 1.5), and autoantibody panels (ACPA, RF) and metabolomic responses had moderate incremental value. Correlation was used to determine that sample size was positively correlated to AUC (r = 0.71), and the reproducibility was better with the use of AI-guided pleiotropy checks. External validation was only done in 41 percent of studies. Conclusions: AI-enhanced Mendelian randomization is a better causal inference than conventional MR and has higher diagnostic accuracy in RA biomarkers. Precision rheumatology can be improved by combining AI based optimization of instruments and multi-omics inputs, however, pipeline standardization, transparent reporting, and large multicenter validation are all pressing requirements before clinical culture adoption.
Rheumatoid arthritis; precision medicine; artificial intelligence; Mendelian randomization; biomarkers; causal inference; machine learning.
Md Ahnaf Tajwar Kamal, Saima Akter Shikha
Nawfat Kamal Munifa, Elton Bicalho do Carmo
Khandaker Ataur Rahman, Daniel Benniah John
Validation of LLM-Based Data Curation for Oncology Clinical Trials: A Review encompassing comparison with Manual Abstraction
The quick growth of clinical data in oncology research has made it difficult to extract and manage data which needs to be processed for clinical trials. The medical field considers manual curation to be the highest standard but its use has become restricted because of time and financial requirements and difficulties with different people judging the same material. Large Language Models (LLMs) which belong to artificial intelligence research work as effective automatic systems which can extract data from unstructured clinical documents that include electronic health records and pathology reports and clinical narratives. This review assesses how well LLMs perform data curation in oncology clinical trials by comparing their results to those of manual data curation processes. This research project has been collecting current evidence about accuracy and efficiency and scalability and reliability and cost-effectiveness of the solution. The study examined validation frameworks together with ethical matters and difficulties which arise during system implementation. Existing studies demonstrate that LLM-based approaches achieve high concordance with manual curation while dramatically reducing processing time and resource utilization. The system suffers from multiple problems which include data heterogeneity and difficulties with understanding data and bias issues and challenges from regulatory bodies. Hybrid human-AI models appear to be the most viable approach for near-term clinical integration. The review presents major advancements in research while showing existing research deficiencies and giving recommendations about how to use LLM-based systems in oncology clinical trial operations.
Karnaditya Rana, Shashidar Reddy Abbidi,