What is Journal of Carcinogenesis? Despite the advances in the treatment of cancer and the increasing knowledge of the processes responsible for the disease, there is a gap in the understanding of molecular events leading to cancer and the mechanisms of action by anticancer agents. The field of carcinogenesis is far from being completely explored. Many novel ideas and concepts still need to be introduced into the field, and the results of several provocative experiments are yet to be disseminated and shared. There is a need for multidisciplinary research in the field and a forum for accelerated publication of results. These are the considerations that led to the birth of the online journal, Journal of Carcinogenesis. Journal of Carcinogenesis is a peer-reviewed, online journal designed to bring together many aspects of research to develop the understanding of carcinogenesis. Edited by Gopala Kovvali, Journal of Carcinogenesis is supported by an international Editorial Board. Journal of Carcinogenesis considers manuscripts in many areas of carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention. Primary areas of interest to the journal include: physical and chemical carcinogenesis and mutagenesis; processes influencing or modulating carcinogenesis, such as DNA repair; genetics, nutrition, and metabolism of carcinogens; the mechanism of action of carcinogens and modulating agents; epidemiological studies; and, the formation, detection, identification, and quantification of environmental carcinogens. 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We follow closely the industry associations, such as the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) and World Association of Medical Editors (WAME), that set standards and provide guidelines for best practices in order to meet these requirements. For a summary of our specific policies regarding duplicate publication, conflicts of interest, patient consent, etc., please visit Author Guidelines Open Access Publication and Creative Commons Licensing This is an open-access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. Digital Archiving Portico is a leading digital preservation service worldwide. The content is preserved as an archival version and is not publically accessible via Portico, but is provided when required under specific conditions, such as discontinuation of the collection or catastrophic failure of the website. Ahead of Print policy Articles published online under the Ahead of Print model are considered published and can be cited and quoted using the DOI as the reference source. The journal has a policy that changes will not be made after publication of an article without following accepted procedures for making corrections to the scientific record. Content overview Article types of interest to Journal of Carcinogenesis include but not limited to: Commentaries – short, focused and opinionated articles on any subject within the journal scope. These articles are usually related to a contemporary issue, such as recent research findings, and are often written by opinion leaders invited by the Editorial Board. 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The authors are encouraged to submit names of potential reviewers to expedite the review process. The editors may choose reviewers from those suggested by the authors or may have the manuscript reviewed by experts chosen by them. Publishing in Journal of Carcinogenesis Articles in Journal of Carcinogenesis should be cited in the same way as articles in a traditional journal. However, because articles in this journal are not printed, they do not have page numbers. Instead, they have a unique article number. The following citation: J Carcinog 2004, 2:1 refers to article 1 from volume 2 of the journal. As an online journal, Journal of Carcinogenesis does not have issue numbers. Each volume corresponds to a calendar year. Submission of manuscripts Manuscripts should be submitted electronically to Journal of Carcinogenesis using the online submission system. Full details of how to submit a manuscript are given in the instructions for authors. General journal policies Journal of Carcinogenesis’s articles are archived in PubMed Central, the US National Library of Medicine’s full-text repository of life science literature. For further information about general policies please see the instructions for authors.
A study to identify the key factors influencing hotels’ decision to collaborate with online travel agents
The hospitality industry has witnessed a significant transformation with the rise of Online Travel Agents (OTAs), which have become crucial intermediaries between hotels and consumers. This study explores the key factors influencing hotels' decisions to collaborate with OTAs, using data from a survey of hotel representatives. The research employs descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, regression analysis, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and a Chi-Square test for independence to provide comprehensive insights into these factors. Descriptive analysis highlights Customer Reach as the most critical factor, while Technological Integration Ease appears as a relative challenge. Correlation analysis reveals strong interdependencies among factors like Marketing Support, OTA Customer Ratings, and Reputation Enhancement, emphasizing the synergetic benefits of these variables. Regression analysis identifies Customer Reach, Competitive Advantage, and Marketing Support as the most significant predictors of colla.
Online Travel Agents, Hotel Collaboration, Customer Reach, Marketing Support Revenue Optimization
Genome-Wide Computational Prediction And Analysis Of Putative Promoters And Transcription Site: Derived In All Locus Of Whole Genome Present In Mus Musculus
Dysregulation of transcriptional control is a central molecular event in carcinogenesis and neurodegenerative disorders, frequently arising from aberrant promoter architecture and altered transcription start site (TSS) usage. Genome-wide identification of promoter regions therefore provides critical insight into gene regulatory mechanisms underlying disease susceptibility. In the present study, we performed a comprehensive in silico analysis of the complete Mus musculus genome (GRCm39) to systematically predict and characterize putative RNA polymerase II promoters and transcription start sites across all genomic loci. Whole-genome sequences were retrieved from the NCBI repository and analyzed using an integrated bioinformatics framework incorporating GeneRunner, DNASTAR, ExPASy, and the BDGP neural-network-based Promoter 2.0 algorithm. Chromosome-wise variation in genome size, GC content, and gene composition was evaluated, followed by strand-specific promoter prediction and transcription factor site enrichment analysis. Our results reveal extensive heterogeneity in promoter distribution across chromosomes, with significant enrichment of GC-rich and TATA-like motifs within upstream regulatory regions. Several high-confidence transcription start site hotspots were identified, indicating preferential loci of transcriptional initiation. Notably, the predicted promoter regions exhibit architectural features consistent with estrogen receptor–responsive elements, suggesting potential regulatory relevance to hormone-dependent gene expression and carcinogenic pathways. Advanced graphical representations, including promoter density mapping and GC-content correlation analyses, further elucidated the structural determinants of transcriptional regulation. Collectively, this genome-wide promoter atlas provides a valuable computational resource for functional genomics and establishes a regulatory framework for investigating estrogen-mediated transcriptional dysregulation in cancer and neurological disorders.
Mus musculus, promoter prediction, transcription start site, estrogen response element, gene regulation, carcinogenesis
Samreen, Dinesh Prajapati, Shashank Upadhyay, Mohd. Faheem Khan, Pallavi Sharma
Evaluation of the Diagnostic Performance of Ferritin Rapid Test Cassette for Qualitative Detection of Ferritin in Whole Blood (For Self-Testing)
The Ferritin Rapid Test Cassette is a chromatographic immunoassay designed for qualitative self-testing of ferritin in human whole blood to screen for potential iron deficiency. This study evaluated its diagnostic performance—sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and precision—using Chemiluminescent Immunoassay (CLIA) as the reference standard. A total of 102 specimens (23 ferritin-abnormal and 79 ferritin-normal) were tested. The assay showed 91.3% sensitivity (95% CI: 72.0–98.9), 96.2% specificity (95% CI: 89.3–99.2), and 95.1% overall accuracy (95% CI: 88.9–98.4). No cross-reactivity was observed with HAMA, RF, or human hemoglobin. Both intra- and inter-assay precision exceeded 99% across clinically relevant ferritin levels (0, 30, 100 ng/mL). These results demonstrate that the Ferritin Rapid Test Cassette is a rapid, accurate, and user-friendly tool for self-assessment of ferritin levels, aiding in early detection of iron deficiency and anemia.
Ferritin; Iron Deficiency Anemia; Rapid Self-Test Cassette; CLIA; Chromatographic Immunoassay; Whole Blood; Self-Testing.
Clinical Validation of AllTest UTI Self-Testing Reagent Strips in Urine
The Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) Test (Urine) consists of firm plastic strips designed for the qualitative detection of four analytes—Leukocytes (LEU), Nitrite (NIT), Protein (PRO), and Occult Blood (BLO)—in human urine. This study evaluated the performance of the AllTest Biotech UTI Reagent Strips (Cat. No. U031-04H) compared with a commercially available reference test. A total of 206 clinical urine specimens (61 UTI-positive and 145 UTI-negative) were tested. The evaluated assay showed 98.36% positive concordance, 100% negative concordance, and 99.51% total agreement. No significant interference was observed from common urinary substances such as ascorbic acid, glucose, bilirubin, and hemoglobin. These results demonstrate the test’s high reliability, accuracy, and suitability for self-testing, confirming its clinical applicability as a rapid and user-friendly screening tool for preliminary UTI detection.
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI); Self-Testing Reagent Strips; Leukocytes; Nitrite; Protein; Occult Blood; Clinical Validation.
Performance Evaluation of the TSH Rapid Test Cassette for Qualitative Detection of Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone in Whole Blood (for Self-Testing)
The TSH Rapid Test Cassette is a chromatographic immunoassay designed for qualitative detection of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in human whole blood, with a cutoff of 5 μIU/mL. This study aimed to systematically evaluate its diagnostic performance—sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and suitability for self-testing—by comparing it with the Foresight (ACON) TSH ELISA kit, a validated reference method. A total of 220 specimens were tested (54 positive, 166 negative). The test showed 98.1% sensitivity, 98.2% specificity, and 98.2% overall accuracy. No cross-reactivity or interference was observed with common substances, and intra- and inter-assay precision were excellent. Due to its ease of use, short reaction time, and clear results, the TSH Rapid Test Cassette is a reliable, rapid, and practical solution for self-testing and point-of-care thyroid screening.
TSH; Rapid Test Cassette; Chromatographic Immunoassay; ELISA; Self-testing; Thyroid Disorders; Point-of-Care Diagnostics.
User-Friendly Self-Testing Evaluation of SP-10 Male Fertility Rapid Test (OSP-902H) in Semen
The SP-10 Male Fertility Rapid Test Cassette (OSP-902H) is a chromatographic immunoassay for qualitative detection of acrosomal protein SP-10 in human semen. This study evaluated its diagnostic performance using 114 clinical semen specimens (62 normal and 52 abnormal) compared with a Computer-Assisted Semen Analysis (CASA) reference method. The test demonstrated 98.1% sensitivity, 98.3% specificity, and 98.2% overall accuracy. No cross-reactivity or interference was observed with common interfering substances or biological fluids. Both intra- and inter-assay reproducibility achieved 100% consistency. These results confirm the SP-10 assay as a rapid, reliable, and user-friendly diagnostic tool for self-testing of male fertility.
SP-10 protein; Male fertility; Sperm concentration; Rapid test cassette; Immunochromatographic assay; Point-of-care testing; Self-testing; Male infertility.
User-Friendly Self-Testing Evaluation of Sperm Concentration Rapid Test in Semen
The Sperm Concentration Rapid Test Cassette (OSC-902H) is a rapid qualitative immunochromatographic assay developed for self-testing of sperm concentration in human semen. This study evaluated its diagnostic performance using 236 clinical semen specimens (184 normal and 52 abnormal) compared to microscopic counting as the reference method. The assay showed 98.1% sensitivity, 99.5% specificity, and 99.1% accuracy. No cross-reactivity or interference was observed with physiological or environmental substances. Intra- and inter-assay reproducibility exceeded 99%. These results confirm the clinical reliability of the OSC-902H device as a simple, accurate, and user-friendly at-home fertility screening tool for men.
Sperm concentration; Male infertility; Rapid diagnostic test; Self-testing; Semen analysis; Microscopic counting; Point-of-care testing.
Reliable and User-Friendly Self-Testing Performance Evaluation of Vaginal pH Rapid Test Panel (Vaginal Swab)
The Vaginal pH Rapid Test Panel (Vaginal Swab) is a dry chemical-based in vitro diagnostic (IVD) device developed for semi-quantitative determination of vaginal pH using self-collected specimens. This study assessed its diagnostic performance using 220 vaginal secretion samples (200 normal and 20 abnormal) compared with a validated reference method. Results demonstrated high sensitivity (95.0%), specificity (99.0%), and overall accuracy (98.6%). The device showed strong resistance to interference when users adhered to pre-test guidelines, and intra-/inter-assay reproducibility exceeded 98%. These results confirm the test’s clinical reliability, usability, and cost-effectiveness as a self-testing tool for vaginal pH assessment and monitoring of vaginal microecological balance.
Vaginal pH; Rapid Test Panel; Self-testing; Bacterial Vaginosis; Clinical Performance; Vaginal Swab; Microecological Imbalance.
Performance Evaluation of Ovulation (LH) Rapid Test Midstream (Urine) for Self-Testing via Clinical Validation
The Ovulation (LH) Rapid Test Midstream (Urine) is a chromatographic immunoassay designed for the qualitative detection of luteinizing hormone (LH) in human urine. This study evaluated its diagnostic performance using 300 urine specimens (76 positive and 224 negative) compared with a validated commercial reference test. The results demonstrated excellent accuracy, with both positive and negative coincidence rates reaching 100%. No cross-reactivity or interference was observed with related hormones, including FSH, hCG, and TSH. These findings confirm the assay’s reliability, reproducibility, and suitability for home-based self-testing. The device serves as an efficient, user-friendly, and non-invasive tool for identifying the fertile window, thus facilitating family planning and conception management.
Ovulation; Luteinizing Hormone (LH); Rapid Immunochromatographic Assay; Self-Testing; Clinical Validation; Fertile Window.
Reliable Self-Testing Evaluation of Digital HCG Detection in Urine for Pregnancy Diagnosis
The Digital hCG Pregnancy Test (Urine) is a self-administered in vitro diagnostic (IVD) device designed for qualitative detection of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in urine. This study assessed its diagnostic performance using 67 urine samples (20 positive and 47 negative) compared with a validated commercial reference test. Results demonstrated 100% sensitivity, 100% specificity, and 100% overall accuracy. No cross-reactivity or interference was observed with common biological substances, and both intra-assay and inter-assay reproducibility achieved 100%. These findings confirm that the AllTest Digital hCG kit is a reliable, accessible, and user-friendly tool for home-based pregnancy self-testing.
Digital hCG Pregnancy Test; Urinary Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG); Self-testing; Clinical Performance; Pregnancy Diagnosis.
High-Consistency and User-Friendly Self-Testing Evaluation of hCG for Pregnancy Detection in Urine
The Pregnancy (hCG) Rapid Test Midstream (Urine) is a rapid chromatographic immunoassay designed for qualitative detection of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in urine. This study evaluated its diagnostic performance using 608 urine specimens (231 positive, 377 negative) compared with a CE-certified reference test. Results demonstrated perfect agreement with the reference method, with both positive and negative coincidence rates reaching 100%. No cross-reactivity or interference was observed with physiological or pharmacological compounds, and intra-/inter-assay reproducibility exceeded 99%. These findings confirm that the test is a reliable, rapid, and user-friendly self-testing tool for early pregnancy detection, suitable for both clinical and home-based use.
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG); Pregnancy Rapid Test; Urine Specimen; Self-testing; Chromatographic Immunoassay.
User-Friendly Self-Testing Evaluation of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) Detection in Urine
The FSH Rapid Test Cassette (Urine) is a chromatographic immunoassay designed for qualitative detection of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) in human urine. This study evaluated the diagnostic performance of the AllTest FSH Rapid Test Cassette using 250 urine specimens (85 positive and 165 negative) compared to a validated commercial reference test. Results demonstrated 100% diagnostic accuracy and perfect agreement with the reference device. No cross-reactivity or interference was detected with common urinary components or external factors, and intra-/inter-assay reproducibility achieved 100%. These findings establish the FSH Rapid Test Cassette as a reliable, patient-friendly, and clinically valuable tool for both screening and self-testing applications.
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH); Perimenopause; Menopause; Rapid Test Cassette; Urine; Immunochromatographic Assay; Diagnostic Performance.
The Role of Nursing and Radiology Professionals in Improving the Quality of Medical Coding for Sinonasal Diseases Using Artificial Intelligence Technologies: A Systematic Review
Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) has transformed clinical workflows in otorhinolaryngology, enhancing diagnostic precision and data-driven decision-making. Its integration into sinonasal disease management provides opportunities for radiology and nursing professionals to collaboratively enhance medical coding quality and efficiency. Objective: This systematic review synthesizes current empirical evidence on the role of nursing and radiology professionals in improving coding accuracy for sinonasal diseases using AI-driven technologies. Methods: Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, ten peer-reviewed studies published between 2018 and 2025 were analyzed. Databases searched included PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and IEEE Xplore. Eligible studies reported AI-assisted sinonasal diagnostics and coding applications involving healthcare professionals. Results: AI systems demonstrated diagnostic accuracies of 91–99% and AUCs up to 0.993 across CT, MRI, and CBCT datasets. Integration of self-supervised learning, AutoML, and hybrid deep learning models enhanced diagnostic speed and coding standardization. Nursing professionals contributed to annotation, data integrity, and ICD validation, while radiology experts curated imaging datasets and interpreted algorithmic outputs. Combined efforts reduced coding time by 46% and improved interprofessional collaboration. Conclusion: Radiology and nursing collaboration within AI-assisted frameworks significantly improves sinonasal diagnostic accuracy and medical coding consistency. These advancements enhance workflow efficiency and documentation quality, highlighting the necessity of multidisciplinary AI literacy in clinical practice. although platelet aggregation caused by cyclooxygenase inhibition has little or no effect on carrageenan-induced thrombosis in rat tails.
Artificial intelligence, sinonasal disease, radiology, nursing, medical coding, deep learning, chronic rhinosinusitis, AutoML, clinical documentation, Prisma
Asrar Abdullah Alshahrani, Rahaf anas alkhaotani, Awsaf Abdullah Alsulaimani, Rawan sami althubaiti, Shadi Abdulhadi Alharbi, Mohammed yahya Haddadi, Fawaz atiyh alzahrani, Abdullah Saad Aljuaid, Abdulsamea Mohamad Althopaity, Salman jarallah alharthi, Am
Reactive Lymph Nodes: A diagnostic challenge in Somatostatin Receptor Imaging of Neuroendocrine Neoplasms
Background: Reactive lymph node changes can present significant diagnostic challenges, particularly in patients with neuroendocrine neoplasms. Objectives: To investigate the phenomenon where reactive lymph nodes, which are typically benign, mimic the appearance of lymph nodes positive for 68Ga-DOTATOC-PET or SRS. Methods: Two patients with a history of with neuroendocrine tumors were subjected to DOTATOC-PET, histopathological examination and immunohistochemical analyses. Detailed clinical histories were collected, and the lymph nodes underwent thorough histopathological evaluations to determine the underlying cause of the imaging findings. Results: Both neuroendocrine neoplasms cases exhibited marked hyperplasia of follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) in the lymph node germinal centers, forming dense somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2)-positive meshworks. The SSTR2 on these cells binds 68Ga-DOTATOC, leading to imaging appearances that may mimic metastatic lymph nodes. In one case, the changes were associated with COVID-19 vaccination, and in the other, with chronic pelvic inflammation. Conclusions: Understanding the phenomenon of DOTATOC-PET positivity due to reactive follicular dendritic hyperplasia is crucial for the accurate interpretation of PET scans in neuroendocrine neoplasm patients. This awareness helps avoid misdiagnosis and unnecessary interventions, highlighting the importance of correlating imaging findings with clinical history and performing thorough histopathological evaluations.
Neuroendocrine tumors, DOTATOC-PET, Follicular dendritic cells, Somatostatin receptor 2, Reactive lymphadenopathy, Pitfalls
Muin Tuffaha, Mohammad Khalifeh, Wael Hananeh, Sibylle Schmager, Michael Starke
Impact of Nutritional Interventions on Tissue Repair and Wound Healing: A Comprehensive Review.
Wound healing is a dynamic and multifactorial process requiring a complex interaction between cellular and molecular mechanisms. Nutrition plays a critical role in optimizing these processes, supporting tissue repair, immune function, and reducing recovery time. This review explores the impact of various nutritional interventions on wound healing, with a focus on macronutrients, micronutrients, amino acids, and specialized supplements. We discuss their specific roles in the hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling phases of healing. Additionally, we highlight emerging nutritional therapies and their clinical relevance, underscoring the importance of personalized nutrition for enhancing healing outcomes. The clinical implications of nutritional strategies, particularly in surgical and chronic wound care, are also explored.
Wound healing, nutritional support, protein supplementation, vitamins, multidisciplinary collaboration
Ms Nisha Thayananthan, Mr Pankaj Patel, Ms Sarah Khan3
Identification of Brain Metastases Origins using Contrast Enhancement Patterns and Percentage Signal Recovery Values from Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Background: Brain metastases (BMs) are common in systemic malignancies and can affect patient prognosis significantly. The most prevalent diagnostic imaging modalities for characterising BMs, specifically contrast-enhanced CT and MRI, provide minimal insight into the biology of a lesion or its origin. Newer imaging modalities may benefit from DSC-MRI, and with imaging markers such as PSR, function to differentiate BMs, based on vascular physiology, and integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This study aimed to correlate PSR values and contrast enhancement patterns observed in DSC-MRI images to determine the primary origin of BMs, specifically differentiating between lung cancer and breast cancer. Materials and Methods: A single-centre, retrospective study was conducted with 70 patients with confirmed BMs using DSC-MRI (48 lung and 22 breast carcinomas). Standard formulas were used to calculate PSR values. Enhancement patterns were classified as ring-shaped, heterogeneous, homogeneous, or cystic. The data were analysed descriptively, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used with SPSS. Statistical significance was set to p<0.05. Results: There was noted variation in PSR and enhancement patterns alone by tumour origin. Cystic and ring-shaped patterns were more prevalent in breast carcinoma, whereas heterogeneous patterns were observed more frequently in lung carcinoma. The overall mean PSR was 23.94% ± 9.26. From the ROC analysis, the area under the curve of PSR alone demonstrated weak discriminatory ability (AUC = 0.577, p = 0.303). Combining augmentation with enhancement pattern data increased diagnostic accuracy, most notably in the cystic patterns (AUC = 1.0, p = 0.034). Discussion: The findings suggest that PSR and contrast enhancement may play a role in non-invasively suggesting the origin of tumour type in brain metastases. The PSR on its own may not be singularly sufficient; however, when combined with other forms of morphological imaging biomarkers, it does positively support enhancement in diagnostic confidence with tumour types with previously unknown malignancy sources. Conclusion: PSR values obtained from DSC-MRI, coupled with patterns of contrast enhancement, suggest a plausible, non-invasive method for differentiating the primary origins of BMs. These findings warrant further investigation, including larger sample sizes and longitudinal studies, to validate these findings and systematically integrate the results from the diagnostic process into the priority order of routine clinical workflows.
Brain metastases, DSC-MRI, Percentage Signal Recovery (PSR), contrast enhancement, lung cancer, breast cancer.
Satvik Sharma, Rozy Gull, Kanika Kiran, Sabneet Sharma, Lalit Kumar Gupta
Dysmenorrhea-Demographics, Absenteeism, Management and Healthcare Seeking Behavior, A Cross-Sectional Study Done in Saudi Arabia.
Introduction: Dysmenorrhea affects up to 91% of females worldwide, with a higher prevalence among adolescents. It has an impacts on the quality of life of females, resulting in absenteeism and presenteeism which can have an impact on the economy. Cultural factors, educational background, and healthcare accessibility influence management strategies. Objectives of the study included determination of demographics, associated symptoms, healthcare seeking behavior and absenteeism due to dysmenorrhea. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted online using social media platforms. A convenience sampling technique was used. All consenting females aged 18 to 49 years were included in the study. The final sample size was 1,041. Data was collected through a self-structured questionnaire, validated by a pilot study, and analyzed using SPSS Version 23 after ethical approval Local Committee for Biomedical Ethics. Key Results: Among the participants, 88% experienced dysmenorrhea, most common associated symptoms included diarrhea, urinary frequency, and tiredness followed by lower back pain, leg cramps and breast tenderness. Absenteeism due to dysmenorrhea was reported by 59% of participants, while 70% experienced presenteeism. Healthcare-seeking behavior was low, with only 19% consulting a doctor. Reasons for not seeking healthcare included normalizing symptoms and embarrassment. Severity of pain was significantly associated with absenteeism (p=0.001) and presenteeism (p=0.01). Conclusion: Dysmenorrhea remains a widespread issue with profound impacts on daily functioning and economic productivity. Mismanagement and cultural stigma contribute to low healthcare utilization. Addressing this requires targeted health education, stigma-free healthcare access, and the promotion of telemedicine for efficient management
dysmenorrhea, health-care seeking behavior, absenteeism
Dr. Bashayer Farhan ALruwaili , Dr. Ayesha Mallick , Dr. Shahla Naeem., Dhai Zaid Alshammari , Faten Ahmed Alfahigi , Durrah Mohammed Alrashed , Wateen Bader Alanazy , Noor Hamad Albedaiwi , Sadeem Ahmed Altaymani , Joree Hasan Ibrahim Alsattam
Comparative Study of Distal Radiocephalic Fistulas Versus Brachiocephalic Fistulas in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: A Single-Center Study in Bangladesh
Background: Arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) are the preferred vascular access for hemodialysis in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Distal radiocephalic (DRC) and brachiocephalic (BC) fistulas are common, but their comparative efficacy remains debated, especially in resource-limited settings like Bangladesh. Objective: This study compared the outcomes of distal radiocephalic and brachiocephalic fistulas in chronic kidney disease patients at a single center in Bangladesh. Methods: A prospective comparative study was conducted at Bangladesh Medical University (Ex- BSMMU), Dhaka, from July 2022 to June 2025. Sixty CKD patients (30 DRC, 30 BC) were selected via purposive sampling and randomized. Fistula maturation, patency rates, and complications (e.g., thrombosis, infection, steal syndrome) were evaluated. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23.0, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: Brachiocephalic fistulas demonstrated superior maturation rates (86.7% vs 73.3%) and shorter maturation time (4.2 vs 6.5 weeks) compared to distal radiocephalic fistulas. However, distal fistulas showed lower thrombosis rates (10% vs 23.3%) and no steal syndrome. Primary patency at 6 months favored brachiocephalic fistulas (80% vs 63.3%), while 12-month secondary patency was comparable (76.7% vs 70%). Blood flow rates were significantly higher in brachiocephalic fistulas (650±120 vs 480±90 mL/min). Conclusion: While brachiocephalic fistulas offer better maturation and short-term patency, distal radiocephalic fistulas present fewer complications. The choice should consider patient- specific factors, balancing immediate usability with long-term safety in hemodialysis access planning.
Arteriovenous Fistula, Brachiocephalic, CKD, Hemodialysis, Radiocephalic, Thrombosis.
Mohammad Rashal Chowdhury, Mainul Mahmud, Rakibul Hasan, Md Saif Ullah Khan, AK Al- Miraj, Karim Hossain, Kamal Hossain, Rubaiyat-E-Mortaz
Impact of Maxillary Incisor Retraction on the Nasolabial Angle: A Systematic Review.
Facial esthetics play a pivotal role in the perception of beauty, self-esteem and social interactions, making it an integral consideration in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Among the various facial features, the nasolabial angle formed by the intersection of the columella of the nose and the upper lip is a critical parameter in assessing facial harmony and profile balance. It serves as a vital soft tissue landmark that reflects the relationship between the maxilla, upper lip, and nasal base, thereby influencing the overall esthetic outcome following orthodontic intervention. In orthodontic practice, particularly in cases involving bimaxillary protrusion or dentoalveolar proclination, maxillary incisor retraction is a routinely performed procedure to achieve optimal occlusion and facial profile improvement. However, while skeletal and dental changes are objectively quantifiable, the associated soft tissue alterations, especially those affecting the nasolabial angle, remain complex and variable due to interindividual differences in tissue thickness, elasticity, and morphology.
Dr. Karthick Shetty, Dr. Nikhil Vaishya, Dr. Sushma Tambe,Dr. Nitin Gadhiya, Dr. Rakesh Singh, Dr. Aparna Kamathkar
Molecular Insights into Aniline–Methanol Interactions at Bulk and Interface Levels
Interactions between aniline and methanol over the entire concentration region are studied using dielectric, FTIR, conformational analysis and contact angle studies over various substrates. The present studies indicate maximum interaction between the moieties in the aniline-rich region at about 20% Methanol and this is in agreement with previous report. However we see no indication of a weak interaction between the phenyl and the methyl groups, as reported previously.
Contact angle, hydrogen bond, FTIR, wettability, dipole moment
Jonathan Lalnunsiama, Lalhmangaihzuali Ralte
Prospective construction of carcinogenic risk scenarios using MICMAC and Régnier Abacus: an approach for health decision-making.
Introduction: Cancer can be considered a complex phenomenon with interactions among environmental, occupational, social, and political factors. Understanding the nature of these links requires models that transcend traditional causal analysis and allow for the prediction of future risk structures. This work develops a prospective structural approach to carcinogenic risks, combining structural analysis methods as instruments for health decision-making based on anticipation. Methods: A prospective, structural, exploratory, and descriptive study was conducted in three phases. First, documentary and bibliometric reviews were carried out to identify associated variables, with the most relevant variables being selected through expert consensus. Next, the MICMAC structural analysis (Multiplication Cross-Impact Matrix Applied to a Classification) was used to determine the hierarchy of influence or dependence among variables. Finally, the Régnier Abacus was used to assess the probability and desirability of evolutionary hypotheses, constructing plausible scenarios for the period 2024–2034. Results: The predominance of institutional factors over biological ones was evident. Environmental governance, regulatory compliance, and coverage shaped the context of carcinogenic risk. Coherence analysis showed a correlation between social desire and institutional feasibility, allowing for the definition of three contrasting scenarios. The results also indicate that it is necessary to strengthen anticipation and coordination by health systems in the face of risks of a multi-causal nature. Conclusions: The integrated use of the MICMAC technique and Régnier Abacus demonstrated that structural risk anticipation can become a tool for health governance. Reducing carcinogenic risk depends more on policy coherence, regulatory compliance, and public perception of risk than on technological interventions. Applied prospective allows for translating complexity into strategies and guide decisions toward more resilient, equitable, and sustainable scenarios
Complex systems; health governance; structural prevention; prospective analysis; institutional sustainability; environmental vulnerability; regulatory policy; public resilience
Edwin Martelo Gómez, Raúl José Martelo Gómez, Maira Bastidas Gómez, Annherys Isabel Paz Marcano, David Antonio Franco Borré
Role Of Artificial Intelligence In Endodontics: A Review
In the field of dentistry, AI models are specifically crafted to contribute to the diagnosis of oral diseases, ranging from common issues such as dental caries to more complex conditions like periodontal diseases and oral cancer. AI has valuable application in the field of modern endodontics with promising results. Future holds the foundation for the evolution and broader adoption of AI models in the dynamic landscape of dental diagnostics and treatment planning.
Dr. Monika Sharma, Dr. Dinesh Chand Sharma, Dr. Meenu Bala, Dr. Monika Choudhary
Effectiveness of Robot-Assisted Training in Enhancing Motor Function After Total Knee Replacement: Systematic Review.
Background: Total knee replacement (TKR) is a common intervention for advanced knee joint disease, but postoperative motor function recovery can be variable. Robot-assisted training (RAT) has emerged as a promising modality to enhance rehabilitation outcomes. Objective: To systematically evaluate the effectiveness of robot-assisted training in improving motor function outcomes after TKR. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase were searched for studies published between 2013 and 2025. Eligible studies included RCTs, cohort studies, and systematic reviews reporting motor outcomes following RAT in adult TKR patients. Results: Fifteen studies met inclusion criteria. RAT demonstrated statistically significant improvements in range of motion (15–28%), quadriceps strength (up to 25%), gait performance (TUG and 6MWT), and pain reduction (VAS decrease by 2.4–3.2 points) compared to conventional therapy. No adverse events were attributed to robotic interventions. Conclusion: RAT enhances motor function recovery post-TKR and may serve as a safe and effective adjunct to standard rehabilitation protocols. Its integration into clinical pathways warrants further study for long-term outcomes and cost- effectiveness.
Robot-assisted rehabilitation; Total knee replacement; Range of motion; Functional mobility; Exoskeleton; Physical therapy; Recovery outcomes; Systematic review; Gait training; Orthopedic robotics
Mohammad Saleh Alsaeed, Naif Faraj Al-Otaibi, Muntaha Mohammed Alsamnan, Suha Mohammed Alnefaie, Maram Yahya Asiri, Abdulrahman Khalid Alateeq, Ibrahim Eissa J. Alfaifi, Bushra Khalid Alateeq, Fatimah Mohammed Agili, Amjad Abdulrahman Fallatah
Endoscopic Double-Flap Tympanoplasty Versus Classical Underlay Technique for Anterior Quadrant Perforations: A Prospective Comparative Study
Introduction: Anterior quadrant tympanic membrane perforations continue to pose a surgical challenge due to limited annular support, shallow anterior canal anatomy, and reduced vascularity, all of which predispose to graft instability and higher failure rates. Conventional underlay tympanoplasty often struggles to achieve consistent closure in this region. The double-flap tympanoplasty technique, incorporating both anterior and posterior tympanomeatal flaps, aims to strengthen anterior graft anchorage and improve surgical outcomes. Study: This prospective comparative study included 62 patients with anterior quadrant perforations, randomly assigned into Group A (Classical Tympanoplasty, n = 31) and Group B (Double Flap Tympanoplasty, n = 31). All surgeries were performed endoscopically using temporalis fascia grafts. Preoperative assessment included otoscopy, HRCT temporal bone, and pure tone audiometry. Patients were followed for three months, evaluating graft uptake, residual perforation, graft lateralisation, anterior blunting, and hearing improvement. Statistical analysis included chi-square and t-tests. Results: Graft uptake was higher in the double-flap group (96.7%) compared to the classical group (87.1%). Residual perforation occurred in 12.9% of Group A and 3.2% of Group B. Graft lateralisation was noted exclusively in Group A (9.7%). Hearing outcomes favoured the double-flap technique, showing greater audiological gain at three months (12.84 ± 1.73 dB versus 10.24 ± 0.95 dB) and better air–bone gap closure (10.94 ± 2.98 dB versus 12.70 ± 2.49 dB), both statistically significant. Conclusion: Double Flap Tympanoplasty offers improved graft stability, reduced residual perforation, and superior hearing outcomes compared to Classical Tympanoplasty in anterior quadrant perforations. It represents a safe, effective, and advantageous modification for challenging anterior defects, especially larger perforations requiring enhanced anterior support.
Janani Rammohan, Aishwarya Prabhakaran, Vimal Dass
Formulation and optimization of liquisolid tablet for improving the dissolution profile of rivaroxaban by using DoE approachand antithrombic activity
Liquisolid technique is used in delivery of lipophilic and poorly water soluble drugs through oral route. It involves dissolving water insoluble drugs in nonvolatile solvents and converting into acceptably flowing and compressible powders. The present work was aimed to enhance the dissolution rate of Rivaroxaban by delivering the drug as a liquisolid compact. Liquisolid compacts were prepared using microcrystalline cellulose as the carrier and aerosil 200 as the coating material (R).PEG 400 was used as the liquid vehicle by studying the effect of the variable for response with the help of Box-Behnken design (BBD). A total of 17 formulations were prepared by altering the proportion of microcrystalline cellulose, aerosil 200 and PEG 400 by direct compression technique. The drug concentration was kept constant in all formulations at 50mg. Optimization was carried out using Box–Behnken design by selecting liquid load factor, amount of coating material, and amount of magnesium oxide as independent variables; drug content and angle of repose were considered as dependent variables.The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies revealed that there was no possible interaction between drug and tablet excipients. Prepared rivaroxaban liquisolid tablets were evaluated for thickness, hardness, weight variation, friability test, drug content, in-vitro dissolution studies, disintegration time, and stability studies. The optimized formulation yielded the response values, which were very close to the predicted values. Stability Study of optimized formula performed for 180 days at 30±2°C and 65±5% RH and 400C±2 0C and 75 ±5% RH .Stability study performed on such parameters Color, Shape and Appearance. As a result there was no change seen at the end of the study. At the end drug content study of optimized formula performed and result shows that it was a stable formulation which was not degraded at different temperature and stable. In-vivo carrageenan induced antithrombic activity was performed on theSwiss albino rat (190-195±5gm). The results of our study suggest that formulation has significant effects against thrombosis. The mean length of the tail infracted region in the formulation- administered and heparin treated rat was shorter than that in the control rat. Typically, thrombosis occurs because of platelet aggregation or vasoconstriction, although platelet aggregation caused by cyclooxygenase inhibition has little or no effect on carrageenan-induced thrombosis in rat tails.
Rivaroxaban, Liquisolid technique, Liquid load factor, Non-volatile solvent, Carrier material, Coating material,Antithrombic activity
The Role of the Nursing, Anesthesia, and Operating Room Technician Teams in Enhancing Patient Safety During Surgical Procedures: Systematic Review
Background: Patient safety during surgical procedures relies on the coordinated performance of perioperative nursing teams, anesthesia providers, and operating room technicians. These professionals collectively contribute to preventing adverse events, maintaining sterile technique, ensuring equipment functionality, and fostering effective communication. As surgical procedures become increasingly complex, understanding the specific roles and collaborative practices that enhance patient safety has become essential. Methods: A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the contributions of perioperative nurses, anesthesia teams, and operating room technicians to patient safety in surgical settings. A comprehensive database search was performed using predefined keywords related to perioperative practice and safety outcomes. Studies were screened using established eligibility criteria, followed by full-text assessment. Data were extracted using a structured form, and quality appraisal tools appropriate for each study design were applied. Due to heterogeneity among study methodologies, a narrative synthesis approach was used. After modifications, four studies met all inclusion criteria and were incorporated into the final analysis. Results: The synthesis of the four studies revealed three major themes: direct safety contributions of perioperative team roles, the centrality of communication and interprofessional collaboration, and systemic challenges influencing team performance. Nursing teams were shown to play key roles in preventing surgical site infections, ensuring accurate surgical counts, and supporting safety protocols. Anesthesia teams, including technicians, contributed to risk reduction by ensuring equipment readiness, maintaining physiological stability, and adhering to medication safety standards. Operating room technicians supported workflow efficiency through equipment maintenance and sterile processing. Barriers such as hierarchical communication, environmental distractions, staffing shortages, and inconsistent use of safety checklists were frequently identified, while interventions such as structured communication tools, psychological safety, and simulation-based team training were effective in improving safety outcomes. Conclusion: This review demonstrates that perioperative nurses, anesthesia teams, and operating room technicians collectively create a robust safety framework in surgical environments. Their effectiveness depends on clear communication, mutual respect, adequate staffing, and strong organizational support. Interprofessional teamwork and a positive safety culture are essential for minimizing preventable harm and optimizing surgical patient outcomes
Asmaa Salem Qurba, Bader Mohammed Dakhilallah Alsamdani, Abdulaziz Olayan Almalawi, Malak Mohammad Deifallah AlMowallad, Najla Mohammed Aman Salem Al Salem, Naif atwai mahdi Alzanbhi, Abdullah Hadi Ali Alshamrani, Abdulrahman Abdullah Hassan Bahlool, Khad
Comparision Of Meibomian Gland Morphology And Function In Tobacco Smokers Versus Chewing Tobacco Users
Background: Tobacco use, in both smoked and smokeless forms, is a recognized risk factor for systemic and ocular conditions. Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is a leading cause of evaporative dry eye, yet comparative data on the effects of smoking versus chewing tobacco on meibomian gland health remain scarce. Aim: To evaluate and compare the morphological and functional changes in meibomian glands among tobacco smokers, chewing tobacco users, and non-users. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional observational study enrolled 120 participants categorized into three groups: smokers (n=40), chewing tobacco users (n=40), and non-tobacco users (n=40). All subjects underwent comprehensive ocular surface evaluation, including infrared meibography, Schirmer’s test, tear break-up time (TBUT), and Meibomian gland expressibility assessment. Statistical comparisons were made using ANOVA and Chi-square tests. Results: Smokers exhibited the most pronounced meibomian gland dropout (60% severe), lowest TBUT (5.8 ± 0.9 s), and reduced Schirmer’s values (7.0 ± 1.2 mm). Chewing tobacco users demonstrated moderate alterations, while controls exhibited minimal dysfunction. OSDI scores were significantly higher in tobacco users (p < 0.001), indicating increased symptom severity. Conclusion: Tobacco use is associated with significant meibomian gland dysfunction, with smokers exhibiting more severe structural and functional impairment than chewing tobacco users. These findings underscore the importance of early screening and cessation counseling to prevent long-term ocular surface damage.
Meibomian gland dysfunction, smoking, chewing tobacco, dry eye, tear film, Schirmer’s test, TBUT
Dr. Posina Sri Satviki, Dr. Inchara N, Dr. Sangeetha T, Dr. Narendran BS, Dr. Asam Naveena
Formulation And Quality Assessment Of Curry Leaves-Based Chutney: A Focus On Nutrition And Storage Stability
The purpose of this study was to create and assess a functional chutney designed especially for those with hyperlipidaemia. Nutrient-dense components including curry leaf powder, Ambadi seeds, flax seeds, Niger seeds, roasted Bengal gram, garlic, and certain spices were added to the chutney. To determine the most pleasant variant, five formulations were made by adjusting the amounts of curry leaf powder and Ambadi seeds. Taste, texture, flavour, colour, appearance, and general acceptance were all evaluated by a semi-trained panel. The variation with the greatest sensory ratings, Variation IV, which contained 30g of curry leaf powder and Ambadi seeds apiece, was confirmed by consumer acceptability testing. According to colour studies, a deeper, more enticing crimson hue was a result of a greater Ambadi seed concentration. According to a nutritional study, the best-performing variety has 64.31% carbs, 17.22% fat, 21.42% dietary fibre, and 22.58% protein per 100g. It also supplied significant levels of zinc, iron, and calcium. Because of its high phenolic, flavonoid, beta-carotene, and chlorophyll content, the chutney demonstrated strong antioxidant potential. Low amounts of tannins, oxalates, and phytates were found in the antinutritional factors analysis; these levels were within safe bounds and did not impair the bioavailability of minerals. A positive balance was found by fatty acid profile, with polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids outnumbering saturated fats. The product's stability and safety for up to three months under optimal storage conditions were validated by microbial analysis. A techno-economic analysis emphasised the chutney's scalability and affordability. In general, the created chutney provides a wholesome, economical, and palatable dietary solution for the treatment of hyperlipidaemia.
Functional food, Hyperlipidemia, Sensory evaluation.
Ms. Dipali Sakharam Sangekar, Dr. Vijaya Shivajirao Pawar, Mr. Eknath Ashroba Langote, Dr. Godawari Shivajirao Pawar
Sensory Acceptability, Shelf Stability, Microbial Safety, And Economic Viability Of Functional Foods Formulated With Garlic And Ginger
The increasing demand for functional foods has spurred interest in products enriched with bioactive compounds like garlic (Allium sativum L.) and ginger (Zingiber officinale), known for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. This study evaluated the sensory acceptability, shelf stability, microbial safety, and economic viability of millet-based functional snacks specifically crackers and chakli fortified with garlic and ginger. Sensory analysis indicated high acceptability across parameters such as appearance, flavor, and texture, with no significant differences among treatments. Aluminum pouches demonstrated superior preservation of sensory attributes over 60 days compared to LDPE and HDPE packaging. Microbial assessments confirmed product safety with no significant contamination during storage. Economic analysis supported the cost-effectiveness and market potential of these fortified snacks. These findings validate the development of health-promoting, shelf-stable millet-based products incorporating garlic and ginger, offering a viable option for functional food innovation.
Functional foods, Garlic, Ginger, Millet snacks, Sensory evaluation.
Mr. Eknath Ashroba Langote, Dr. Kailash Sakharam Gadhe, Ms. Dipali Sakharam Sangekar, Dr. Vijaya Shivajirao Pawar, Dr. Bhagwan Vithalrao Asewar
Effect of Curry Leaves Chutney Supplementation on Lipid Profile and Anthropometric Indicators in Hyperlipidemic Subjects: A Clinical Intervention Study
Elevated blood lipids, or hyperlipidaemia, greatly raise the risk of cardiovascular disease. Bioactive chemicals found in the traditional Indian plant Murraya koenigii.L. (curry leaves) have been shown in animal experiments to have lipid-lowering, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. In this clinical investigation, 60 hyperlipidemic people in Parbhani, Maharashtra, ages 30 to 60, had their lipid profiles and anthropometric markers evaluated after taking 10 grams of freshly made curry leaf chutney daily. The subjects were split evenly between the experimental and control groups, with the former getting chutney for 60 days in addition to their regular medical and lifestyle routines. Blood pressure, food patterns, and anthropometric measures (Height, weight, BMI, mid-upper arm circumference, and waist-hip ratio) were among the baseline data that were documented. At baseline, 30, and 60 days, fasting lipid profiles (total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, VLDL-C, and triglycerides) were examined. Following supplementation, the experimental group's blood pressure, triglycerides, LDL-C, and total cholesterol all significantly decreased (from 225.2 to 156.3 mg/dL, 140.37 to 90.19 mg/dL, and 167.7 to 129.1 mg/dL, respectively), but the control group did not. The experimental group had a little rise in HDL-C cholesterol. Although not statistically significant, anthropometric alterations were seen, including modest decreases in weight and BMI. Dietary evaluations showed that individuals did not follow suggested diets, underscoring the need for workable solutions. Curry leaf chutney is a natural, culturally acceptable food addition that can help hyperlipidemic people regulate their blood pressure and improve their lipid profiles, according to one study. A viable, inexpensive adjunct treatment for controlling hyperlipidaemia and related cardiovascular risks is include curry leaf chutney in the diet.
Hyperlipidemia, Cardiovascular health, Triglycerides, Total cholesterol.