What is Journal of Carcinogenesis? Despite the advances in the treatment of cancer and the increasing knowledge of the processes responsible for the disease, there is a gap in the understanding of molecular events leading to cancer and the mechanisms of action by anticancer agents. The field of carcinogenesis is far from being completely explored. Many novel ideas and concepts still need to be introduced into the field, and the results of several provocative experiments are yet to be disseminated and shared. There is a need for multidisciplinary research in the field and a forum for accelerated publication of results. These are the considerations that led to the birth of the online journal, Journal of Carcinogenesis. Journal of Carcinogenesis is a peer-reviewed, online journal designed to bring together many aspects of research to develop the understanding of carcinogenesis. Edited by Gopala Kovvali, Journal of Carcinogenesis is supported by an international Editorial Board. Journal of Carcinogenesis considers manuscripts in many areas of carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention. Primary areas of interest to the journal include: physical and chemical carcinogenesis and mutagenesis; processes influencing or modulating carcinogenesis, such as DNA repair; genetics, nutrition, and metabolism of carcinogens; the mechanism of action of carcinogens and modulating agents; epidemiological studies; and, the formation, detection, identification, and quantification of environmental carcinogens. 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We follow closely the industry associations, such as the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) and World Association of Medical Editors (WAME), that set standards and provide guidelines for best practices in order to meet these requirements. For a summary of our specific policies regarding duplicate publication, conflicts of interest, patient consent, etc., please visit Author Guidelines Open Access Publication and Creative Commons Licensing This is an open-access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. Digital Archiving Portico is a leading digital preservation service worldwide. 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The authors are encouraged to submit names of potential reviewers to expedite the review process. The editors may choose reviewers from those suggested by the authors or may have the manuscript reviewed by experts chosen by them. Publishing in Journal of Carcinogenesis Articles in Journal of Carcinogenesis should be cited in the same way as articles in a traditional journal. However, because articles in this journal are not printed, they do not have page numbers. Instead, they have a unique article number. The following citation: J Carcinog 2004, 2:1 refers to article 1 from volume 2 of the journal. As an online journal, Journal of Carcinogenesis does not have issue numbers. Each volume corresponds to a calendar year. Submission of manuscripts Manuscripts should be submitted electronically to Journal of Carcinogenesis using the online submission system. Full details of how to submit a manuscript are given in the instructions for authors. 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Comparative Evaluation of Polyherbal Formulations for Anti-Arthritic and Antioxidant Activities: In Vitro and In Vivo Preclinical Assessment
Background:Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic autoimmune disorder characterized by persistent inflammation, oxidative stress, and joint destruction. Current pharmacological therapies, although effective, are often associated with adverse effects and high costs. Polyherbal formulations (PHFs), containing bioactive phytochemicals with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, are increasingly being explored as alternative therapies. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the in vitro and in vivo anti-arthritic potential of three polyherbal formulations (PHF1, PHF2, PHF3), along with their safety profile. Methodology:Plant extracts were prepared using solvent extraction and combined to develop three formulations. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, and phenolics. Antioxidant activity was assessed via protein denaturation assay. In vitro anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated using albumin denaturation and human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane stabilization assays. Acute oral toxicity was assessed over 14 days in Wistar rats. Anti-arthritic efficacy was evaluated using turpentine oil-induced joint edema and formaldehyde-induced arthritis models, with Indomethacin as standard. Results:PHF2 demonstrated the highest in vitro antioxidant activity (89.16% inhibition at 1000 µg/mL), comparable to ascorbic acid (94.28%). In anti-inflammatory assays, PHF2 achieved 84.93% (albumin) and 82.94% (HRBC) inhibition, significantly outperforming PHF1 and PHF3. Toxicity studies revealed no adverse effects. In vivo, PHF3 (800 mg/kg) showed the greatest inhibition of formaldehyde-induced arthritis (91.4%), followed by PHF2 (89.9%), both comparable to Indomethacin(82.7%). Conclusion:PHF2 and PHF3 demonstrated significant anti-arthritic potential with excellent safety profiles, warranting further pharmacological and clinical investigation
Rheumatoid arthritis, Polyherbal formulation, Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant, In vivo arthritis model.
Khan Hajera N, Dr Noorul Hasan, Shagufta A Farooqui
Comparative Review of Hepatitis B Virus Genotypes, Epidemiological Distribution, and Oncogenic Risks in India and Nigeria
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the leading cause of chronic liver diseases, including hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis, and it remains a serious global health threat. The virus exhibits a wide range of genetic diversity, with ten genotypes (A-J) and many subgenotypes showing distinct geographical distribution patterns and clinical implications. This comparative review highlights HBV genotypic variability and distribution in India and Nigeria, two highly endemic countries with different epidemiological molecular profiles. Recent and relevant literature from reputable scientific databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, and DOAJ was carefully and critically reviewed to explore genotype prevalence, routes of transmission, and clinical outcomes. Globally, genotypes A, B, C, D, and E contribute to nearly 96% of chronic HBV infections. In India, D genotype predominates in most areas within the country, followed by the A genotype as a secondary type. Genotypes B and C are also found in some areas, showing a lot of regional variation. Nigeria, on the other hand, indicates a very similar dominance of the E genotype with low evidence of the A genotype, supporting phylogenetic evidence that the E genotype evolved in West Africa. These mutations have an impact on treatment response, disease progression, viral replication, and the risk of hepatocarcinogenesis. The review also highlights the significance of genotype-specific management plans by emphasizing the effect of genotype on antiviral resistance and immune response. Understanding these epidemiological molecular patterns is essential to developing successful immunization, surveillance, and treatment programs. Future research should focus on studies of antiviral resistance mechanisms and molecular profiling by using next-generation sequencing techniques to achieve HBV elimination goals by 2030 in Asia and Africa.
Hepatitis B virus, Hepatocellular carcinoma, Genotypes, Open reading frames, Carcinogenesis, India, Nigeria
Abubakar Musa Yunus, Noor Jahan, Siraj Ahmad, Atiya Imteyaz, Razia Khatoon, Karuna Katiyar, Hadiza Tijjani Isa
Culture Positive Urinary Tract Infection in Patients with and Without Diabetes Mellitus
Introduction: One of the leading long-term complications of diabetes mellitus includes renal dysfunction and urinary tract infections (UTI) which are prevalent in uncontrolled diabetes. Moreover, physiological factors like age, gender, duration of diabetes, other diabetic complications like neuropathy, autonomic neuropathy and glycosuria are also considered as predisposing factors for increased prevalence of UTI in diabetes which can be symptomatic or asymptomatic. This study aimed to compare the frequency of culture positive urinary tract infection in patients with and without diabetes mellitus. Methodology: This descriptive study was carried out at the department of general medicine, DHQ teaching hospital, Timergara during the period 16th March 2023 till 15th March 2024. A total of 270 male and female patients aging more than 40 years, with suspected urinary tract infection were enrolled. Urine culture was performed and growth of microbes (positive culture) was noted. Glycemic status of the patients was confirmed through history taking or biochemically by measuring Hba1c level in blood sample of patients. Presence or absence of diabetes was noted. Data was analysed using SPSS v.26. Results: The mean age of the participants was 50.60±7.54 years. Participants aging more than 60 years were 79(29.3%) and 157 (58.1%) were male. BMI more than 24.0kg/m2 was recorded in 141 patients (52.2%) while hypertension was the most frequently recorded comorbidity (n = 56, 20.7%). 63 patients (78.8%) with diabetes had positive urine culture as compared to 17 (21.2%) among patients without diabetes mellitus. The p value for difference in distribution of urine culture was <0.001. Conclusion: The study identified diabetes as a significant risk factor for positive urine cultures in this middle-aged cohort. The strong association underscores the need for targeted monitoring of urinary tract infections in diabetic patients. Further research should investigate the underlying mechanisms linking diabetes to infection risk. Implementing routine screening in this high-risk group could improve early detection and clinical outcomes
Diabetes Mellitus (DM), Urinary Tract Infection (UTI), Urine Culture
Retrospective epidemiological study of foodborne illnesses during the period 2013-2024 in the southwestern Algerian region
Background: Collective foodborne illnesses (CFI) are a growing concern due to their frequent increase, public anxiety, potential health deterioration, and potential impact on a population's life prognosis. Aim: The objective of this research is to present the epidemiological profile of foodborne illnesses in the wilaya of Bechar over atwelve-year period. Methods: We conducted an epidemiological and retrospective study of poisonings recorded in southwestern Algeria during the period from 2013 to 2024, using data collected from the Directorate of Health and Population. Results: The commune of Bechar records half of the cases of CFI, the other most affected communes are Abadla (32%) and Beni Abbés (12.37%).Thus, significant fluctuations are recorded from one year to another, with a peak in 2024, where the incidence rate stands at103.12 cases per 100000 inhabitants.With a sex ratio M/F of 33.36, the male sex is predominant and associated with the age group between 16 and 35 years. The assessment of the severity of cases is based on the hospitalization rate of patients, which reaches82.70%, and the mortality rate, which is approximately0.2%. Minced meat tops the list of perishable food products incriminated with 96% of reported cases, followed by Cachir and cheese; with the exception of a single episode, the pathogen has not been identified in almost all cases. Conclusion: Food poisoning cases can be minimized by implementing preventive measures and increasing public awareness, promoting better hygiene standards and increased adherence to prevention recommendations.
Collective Food Poisonings, Bechar, Descriptive Analyses
HAMANI Zineb, BOULANOUAR Ali, BENLARBI Larbi, SAHEL Nafissa, GUENAIA Abdelkader
Inflammation in Colorectal Cancer: Understanding Its Dual Role and Therapeutic Implications
Colorectal cancer (CRC) continues to be a leading cause of cancer-related mortality, significantly influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Although substantial progress has been made in early detection and treatment, sporadic cases account for over 70% of CRC diagnoses, with certain inherited syndromes further increasing risk. This review emphasizes the complex interplay between inflammation and CRC pathogenesis, examining three types of inflammation—chronic, tumor-elicited, and therapy-induced—and their roles in tumor initiation, promotion, and progression. Chronic inflammation, particularly in conditions like inflammatory bowel disease, significantly increases the risk of cancer development and mutation accumulation. Additionally, inflammation induced by tumors contributes to immune evasion and fosters tumor growth through intricate intercellular interactions within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Therapy-induced inflammation can have dual effects, either suppressing or promoting recurrence. Recent advancements in immunotherapy, especially the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors, have shown promising outcomes in specific CRC subtypes; however, challenges persist, particularly in proficient mismatch repair (pMMR) cases. Understanding the role of inflammation in various CRC contexts is crucial for developing targeted therapies and improving clinical outcomes. This comprehensive framework highlights the need for further research to dissect the complexities of inflammation in CRC, ultimately paving the way for more personalized treatment approaches.
Anastasia V. Poznyakz, Nikolay Konstantinovich Shakhpazyan, Yonghao Ma, Minghui Wu, Elizaveta Romanovna Korchagina, Alexander N. Orekhov
Understanding Cardiovascular Risk in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome: Essential Insights for Patient Care
Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune rheumatic disease that primarily affects women aged 40 to 60. It manifests as either Primary Sjogren's Syndrome (pSS) or Secondary Sjogren's Syndrome (sSS), the latter associated with other connective tissue diseases like Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). pSS is characterized by lymphocytic infiltration leading to symptoms such as dry eyes and mouth, but can also have extra-glandular manifestations affecting various organ systems, including the cardiovascular system. This review highlights the interplay between cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and pSS, focusing on both traditional and disease-specific risk factors. Recent studies indicate that pSS patients have an elevated risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), influenced by traditional risk factors like hypertension and dyslipidemia, alongside immunological factors unique to pSS. Notably, patients with pSS exhibit higher levels of subclinical atherosclerosis despite similar Framingham Risk Scores compared to the general population. The role of inflammation and immune dysregulation in the pathogenesis of CVD in pSS is explored, emphasizing biomarkers such as calprotectin and DKK1 that link inflammatory processes to atherosclerotic progression. Therapeutic interventions, including hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), show potential in mitigating cardiovascular risks, while the effects of glucocorticoids and NSAIDs remain contentious. This review underscores the need for a tailored approach to cardiovascular risk assessment in pSS, considering both traditional and unique immunological determinants. The findings call for further research into the mechanisms linking CVD and pSS and the efficacy of targeted therapies in improving cardiovascular outcomes for affected patients.
Sjögren's Syndrome; rheumatic diseases; autoimmune diseases; autoimmunity; cardiovascular disease; CVD risk.
Anastasia V. Poznyak, Elena Vladimirovna Gerasimova, Elizaveta Romanovna Korchagina, Olesya Olegovna Galanova, Sergey Alekseevich Protasov, Alexander N. Orekhov
SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS: GENETIC COMPONENTS
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multifaceted autoimmune disorder characterized by the pro-duction of autoantibodies targeting nuclear components, leading to immune complex formation and tissue damage. The clinical manifestations of SLE are highly diverse, complicating disease classification and diagnosis. Genetic studies, including genome-wide association studies (GWAS), have identified numerous genetic risk factors—totalling over 183 loci—associated with SLE susceptibility and its various clinical forms. Epidemiological data indicate a familial aggregation of SLE, with heritability estimates ranging from 44% to 66%, and a notable prevalence of other autoimmune disorders within SLE-affected families. Monogenic forms of SLE, often presenting in childhood, highlight specific genetic defects, particularly within the complement pathway, whereas polygenic SLE typically arises from the interplay between multiple genetic variants and environmental factors. The role of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region, particularly HLA-DRB1, is significant across diverse populations, although ethnic-specific variations exist. Non-HLA loci also contribute substantially to SLE risk, with common variants exerting modest effects. Current research endeavors aim to elucidate the functional implications of these genetic variants and to integrate polygenic risk scores (PRS) into clinical practice for better diagnosis, prognosis, and understanding of SLE pathogenesis. Despite advancements, challenges remain in fully characterizing the genetic architecture of SLE and its implications for therapeutic development.
Anastasia V. Poznyak, Elena Vladimirovna Gerasimova, Elizaveta Romanovna Korchagina, Fei Liu, Yanke Shan, Alexander N. Orekhov
ADIPOSE TISSUE, OBESITY, AND AUTOIMMUNITY
The rising prevalence of immune-mediated diseases in technologically advanced nations has sparked interest in the intricate connection between obesity and autoimmunity. This review explores how environmental factors, particularly the Western lifestyle characterized by unhealthy dietary habits, have contributed to an obesity epidemic linked to an increased risk of autoimmune diseases. We highlight the significant role of white adipose tissue (WAT) as an endocrine organ that secretes inflammatory mediators known as adipokines. These adipokines, including leptin and adiponectin, play pivotal roles in modulating immune responses, promoting a chronic low-grade inflammatory state that can lead to various immune-related conditions. Additionally, we examine the involvement of immune cells, such as T-helper 17 (Th17) cells and B-regulatory lymphocytes, in the pathophysiological mechanisms by which obesity exacerbates autoimmunity. Clinical evidence correlating obesity with diseases such as multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus is discussed, along with the shared inflammatory pathways and genetic predispositions that underline this relationship. Despite the growing body of evidence, challenges remain in establishing causative links due to the complexity of these interactions. This review underscores the need for further research to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic implications of the obesity-autoimmunity nexus, aiming to pave the way for novel strategies in managing autoimmune diseases through lifestyle and metabolic interventions.
Anastasia V. Poznyak, Elizaveta Romanovna Korchagina, Yonghao Ma, Minghui Wu, Alexander N. Orekhov
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS OF WNT5A: A MULTIFACETED PLAYER IN CELLULAR SIGNALING AND IMMUNE REGULATION
Wnt proteins, a family of highly modified cysteine-rich proteins, play vital roles in embryonic development and tissue homeostasis. This review focuses on Wnt5a, a classical non-canonical Wnt ligand, and its diverse functions in various cellular processes and diseases. Emphasizing its association with the NF-κB pathway, the review explores Wnt5a's impact on immune cells, atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis vulgaris, and sepsis. Wnt5a regulates convergent extension, planar cell polarity, and epithelial-mesenchymal interactions during embryonic development and is implicated in pathological conditions, especially cancer. Its dysregulation is linked to the onset and progression of various diseases. The review details Wnt5a's involvement in signaling cascades and its interaction with receptors, such as ROR1 and 2, Ryk receptor tyrosine kinase, and Frizzled 7-transmembrane receptors. It also discusses Wnt5a expression regulation, emphasizing its upregulation in response to stimuli like pathogens and cytokines, and its role in inducing pro-inflammatory cytokines, linking it to inflammatory disorders' pathogenesis. The review delves into Wnt5a's impact on immune cells, its regulatory effect on dendritic cells, and its influence on macrophage polarization. It addresses Wnt5a's potential as a therapeutic target in inflammatory conditions and cancer. In summary, this comprehensive review provides insights into Wnt5a's multifaceted roles in signaling pathways, immune regulation, and disease pathogenesis, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target.
Anastasia V. Poznyak, Sergey Kozlov, Elizaveta Romanovna Korchagina, Yonghao Ma, Minghui Wu, Alexander N. Orekhov
Autologous Stem Cell Transplant in Adult Hematological Malignancies- Experience from a Centre in South India
Introduction: Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is a standard of care for consolidation therapy in younger multiple myeloma (defined variably as age < 65–75 years) and relapsed/refractory lymphoma patients. Several nonrandomized, randomized and population-based studies and meta-analyses have proposed that ASCT is related to improved response rates and EFS (event-free survival) compared with conventional chemotherapy treatment. Aims & Objectives: To study demographics, type of hematological malignancy and to assess complications and outcomes of ASCT in adult hematological malignancies. Materials & Methods: This is a retrospective observational study conducted in 70 patients diagnosed with various hematological malignancies, who underwent transplant at our institute from September 2022 to June 2025. Demographics, type of malignancy, complications and outcomes post-transplant were analyzed in this study. The patients were followed up for disease relapse and other complications. Result: Median age has been 42.5+/-16.9 years (range 16-65 yrs). Most common type of malignancy was multiple myeloma (54.2%), followed by relapsed Hodgkin lymphoma (24.2%). A mean of 6.4 million/kg Stem cells were infused (range 2.2 to 16.8). The median time for neutrophil engraftment was 10+/-1.4 days, and for platelet engraftment was 12+/-1.6 days. Most common complication observed during transplant was diarrhea. The transplant-related mortality (TRM) was 1.4%. The estimated DFS was 985.215 days (95% CI with lower limit 907.548 and upper limit 1062.882 days) and estimated OS was 1014.863 days (95% CI with lower limit 946.846 and upper limit 1082.880days). Conclusion: ASCT is a low-risk procedure and should be offered as a consolidation therapy in all eligible patients in developing countries. It remains a cornerstone in treatment of multiple myeloma and relapse/refractory lymphomas, offering significant improvement in DFS and OS
Autologous Stem Cell Transplant, Multiple Myeloma, Lymphoma, Transplant Related Mortality.
Smitha C Saldanha, Gopishetty Raghu, Manjunath S Hiremani, Suresh Babu MC, Lokesh K.N, Rudresha A.H, L K Rajeev, Giri G V
Domain Architecture and Functional Dynamics of Enterococcal Surface Protein (Esp) in Enterococcus faecium: Insights into Endodontic Virulence and Persistence
Enterococcus faecium (E.f) is a durable pathogen often linked to persistent endodontic (root canal) infections. It frequently expressions strong resistance to ordinary treatments. The enterococcal surface protein (Esp), which start on the bacterial cell surface, is a key virulence factor. Esp contributes to biofilm formation, tissue attachment, & avoidance of the host immune system. This study presents a comprehensive in silico analysis of Esp, concentrating on its domain structure, physicochemical features, & its importance in endodontic infections. Insilico analysis with InterProScan & SMART recognized more than a few structural domains within Esp. These include a YSIRK-type signal peptide, Rib domain, repetitive surface antigen motifs, bacterial immunoglobulin-like folds, & a C-terminal LPXTG anchor sequence. Collected, these domains suggest the most important roles in adhesion & host-pathogen interactions. 3-D structural modeling, created with AlphaFold & validated through Ramachandran plot valuation, presented a stable configuration. In total, 88.55% of residues were in energetically favored regions. Supplementary analyses covered hydropathy profiles, atomic & amino acid composition, & conserved motifs imperative for binding to the extracellular matrix & for bacterial persistence. These findings highlight the structural & functional importance of Esp in E. faecium disease. They suggest Esp could be a promising target for new therapies against difficult endodontic infections.
SMART, Esp, Enterococcus faecium, Ramchandran Plot, domain organization, Endodontic.
Hamed A. Alshawkani, Nezar Boreak, Aishah haqawi, Alhanouf Ali Moafa, Ruba Muhammed Ahmed Hanani, Lujain S Alsawat, Ghazal Y Saati, Abed Mohammed Mathkor, Hitesh Chohan
The Effect Of Social Media Feedback Mechanism On Adolescent Self-Identity
This study investigates the influence of social media feedback mechanisms, particularly likes and comments, on adolescents’ self-identity and examines the moderating role of self-esteem in this relationship. As social media has become an integral part of adolescents’ daily lives, its interactive feedback systems function as powerful social signals that shape self-perception and emotional well-being. Despite the ubiquity of digital interaction, systematic research on how specific feedback patterns affect self-identity remains limited. A total of 200 adolescents aged 12 to 18 participated in a controlled experimental simulation replicating common social media environments. Participants were randomly assigned to six feedback conditions varying by the number of likes (high versus low) and comment type (positive, negative, or neutral). Changes in self-identity and self-esteem were measured before and after exposure using validated psychometric scales. The findings revealed that high numbers of likes and positive comments significantly enhanced adolescents’ self-identity, while low likes and negative comments weakened it. Furthermore, self-esteem moderated these effects: individuals with higher self-esteem exhibited greater emotional stability and were less influenced by negative feedback, whereas those with lower self-esteem showed heightened sensitivity and decreased self-identity scores. Overall, the study highlights the dual nature of social media feedback—its potential to reinforce positive identity development and its risk of amplifying self-doubt—and underscores the importance of promoting healthy digital engagement and self-esteem resilience among adolescents.
Social Media, Likes And Comments, Self-Identity, Adolescent Psychology, Self-Esteem Level
Facile synthesis of silver nanoparticles for antibacterial application against multidrug resistant bacteria and antioxidant activity
The current study investigated the optimization of physicochemical parameters for the phyto-synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using aqueous extracts from Hibiscus rosa sinensis leaves. The study examined the effects of various factors, including reaction time, temperature, silver nitrate concentration, plant extract volume, and pH on the synthesis of AgNPs. Spectrophotometric analysis indicated optimal conditions for AgNP synthesis at a silver nitrate concentration of 4 mM, a plant extract ratio of 2:8, a temperature of 55 °C, and a pH of 13, resulting in a peak absorption at 419 nm. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy identified the presence of functional groups responsible for capping and stabilizing the AgNPs, while Zeta potential measurements indicated a net surface charge of -29 mV, suggesting stability against agglomeration. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the crystalline nature of the synthesized AgNPs, with an estimated particle size of 23.3 nm. The antibacterial activity of the AgNPs was evaluated, showing significant inhibition against various multi drug resistant pathogenic bacteria, with the highest activity against S. flexneri and E. coli. Additionally, the synthesized AgNPs exhibited notable antioxidant activity, demonstrating their potential as therapeutic agents. Overall, this study emphasizes the significance of optimizing synthesis conditions for enhancing the properties of AgNPs and their applicability in biomedical fields.
Silver nanoparticles, Hibiscus rosa sinensis, antioxidant, antibacterial, FTIR, XRD
Efficacy and Safety of Biosimilar Cetuximab (CETUXA) in Locoregionally Advanced or Recurrent Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck: A Retrospective Multicenter Analysis..
Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) cases account for about 5% of all newly diagnosed cancer cases, resulting in more than 300000 deaths per year.1 Despite appropriate primary treatments, in approximately 50% to 60% of patients with stage III to IV disease, locoregional relapse occurs.2 A large proportion of patients presenting with stage I and II squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) will remain disease-free after single modality treatment. But the majority of patients present with a more advanced disease stage. Locoregionally advanced, recurrent, and metastatic SCCHN are a challenge to treat.3This subset of patient is not suitable for surgery or radiotherapy. Hence, systemic treatments and best supportive care are the preferred therapeutic options.
Dr. Kumar Prabhash, Dr. Rajat Saha, Dr. Priya Priyadarshini Nayak,Dr.Arun Sheshachalam, Dr. Kaushal Babubhai Patel, Dr. Tanveer Maksud, Dr Priyanka Subhagan, Dr. Manthan Mehta, Dr Dattatray Pawar, Dr Akhilesh Sharma
Complete Remission of Stage IV Lung Cancer, Asthma and Septic Shock in the right limb Using Yoga Prana Vidya (YPV) Healing as complementary medicine: A Case Report
Background: Stage IV lung cancer with systemic metastasis and concurrent septic shock presents a critical prognosis with limited survival. Integrative therapies such as Yoga Prana Vidya (YPV) offer complementary support in such complex cases. Case Presentation: A 62-year-old male Primary school Principal in Malaysia was diagnosed with Stage IV right lung cancer in 2020, and later on spread as metastasis to the spine, brain, and ribs. Medical treatment with medication for cancer was ongoing with slow progress. In December 2024, he developed septic shock and cellulitis in the right leg, requiring ICU admission. Conventional treatment yielded limited improvement. In January 2025, he commenced YPV healing under a certified practitioner using HDP-1 (Healer Development Level 1) and cancer-specific protocols. Intervention: Healing was administered over eight months, with intensive sessions in the initial phase and tapering frequency thereafter. Protocols addressed cancer, infection, respiratory distress, and systemic vitality. Results: By March 2025, PET scans showed complete remission of cancer. A second PET scan in July 2025 confirmed sustained remission. The cellulitis in right limb was completely resolved within two months of YPV healing. The patient regained mobility, discontinued assistive devices, and resumed normal life activities. Weekly follow-ups indicated stable health and improved quality of life. Conclusion: This case demonstrates the potential of YPV healing as a complementary modality in managing advanced cancer and septic complications. Further clinical studies are warranted to validate efficacy and mechanisms.
Lung Cancer, Cellulitis, Septic shock, Asthma, Yoga Prana Vidya System ®, YPV®
Impact of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease on Mortality and Morbidity in Patients with Stable Angina.
Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a significant comorbidity in patients with cardiovascular disease, including stable angina. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the impact of COPD on mortality and morbidity in patients with stable angina at Jinnah Hospital Karachi, focusing on biochemical markers of oxidative stress and inflammation. Methods: This prospective cohort study included 200 patients with stable angina, with (n=100) and without COPD (n=100), from January 2022 to December 2024. Patients were followed up for a median of 18 months for mortality and morbidity outcomes, including hospitalizations and quality of life assessed using the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ). Biochemical markers, such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and C-reactive protein (CRP), were measured to evaluate oxidative stress and inflammation. Results: The study found that patients with stable angina and COPD had significantly higher mortality rates (15% vs 5%, p=0.02) and hospitalization rates (40% vs 20%, p=0.001) compared to those without COPD. COPD was an independent predictor of mortality (HR 2.5, 95% CI No1.2-5.1, p=0.01) and morbidity (HR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1-3.0, p=0.02). Patients with COPD also had poorer SAQ scores, indicating worse quality of life (mean score 50 vs 70, p<0.001), and elevated levels of MDA and CRP, indicating increased oxidative stress and inflammation. Conclusion: COPD is a significant predictor of mortality and morbidity in patients with stable angina, associated with increased oxidative stress and inflammation. Early identification and management of COPD in patients with stable angina may improve outcomes.
COPD, stable angina, mortality, morbidity, oxidative stress, inflammation
Faiza Agha, Shirjeel Hussain, Muhammad Khan Soomro, Syed Kumail Haider, Adnan Khan, Muhammad Naveed Uz Zafar, Muhammad Zulfiqah Sadikan
Socioeconomic and Reproductive Correlates of TNBC: Insights from a Bangladeshi Cohort
Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive variety of breast cancer with limited therapeutic options, disproportionately affecting younger and socioeconomically disadvantaged women. Despite increasing incidence in South Asia, region-specific data remain scarce. This study aimed to assess the demographic, reproductive, and clinical characteristics of TNBC patients in a tertiary care center in Bangladesh. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed at National Institute of Cancer Research & Hospital, Dhaka and Ahsania Mission Cancer and General Hospital, Dhaka, from January 2018 to December 2024. A total of 198 immunohistochemically confirmed TNBC patients were included. Data on socio-demographics, reproductive history, body mass index, family history, and clinical features were collected through structured interviews and medical records. Descriptive statistics were performed using SPSS version 25.0. Results: The mean age at diagnosis was 46.75 ± 9.10 years, with 60.6% of patients being premenopausal. Most participants were married (98.9%), multiparous (60.6%), and had breastfed (93.9%). High parity and early age at first childbirth (mean age 20.56 ± 3.96 years) were common. The majority belonged to middle (55.1%) or lower-middle (36.4%) socioeconomic classes, and 56.6% hailed from in rural settings. A positive family history of cancer was reported by 31.3% of participants, with 18.7% participants reported history of breast cancer specifically. The mean BMI was 23.74 ± 3.71 kg/m². Hypertension (68.2%) and diabetes (57.6%) were the most prevalent comorbidities. Conclusion: TNBC in this Bangladeshi cohort was more prevalent among younger, premenopausal women with high parity and limited socioeconomic resources. Despite high breastfeeding rates, the persistence of TNBC suggests the influence of genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors. These findings underscore the need for early detection strategies and region-specific risk profiling in South Asian populations.
Triple negative breast cancer; epidemiology; socio-demographic; breast cancer; prevalence; clinical characteristics.
Kamrun Nahar Liza, Md. Rashid Un Nabi, Ashim Kumar Sengupta, Sharif Ahmed, Sadeka Sultana Ahmed, Samia Wahid Muna, Nusrat Ahmed, Tarim Mahmood
Exploring the Determinants of Patient Satisfaction Following Total Knee Replacement Surgery: A Qualitative Study from a Single Surgical Team
Background: Total knee replacement is an effective treatment for end-stage osteoarthritis; however, patient satisfaction varies despite similar surgical outcomes. Understanding the determinants of satisfaction is essential for improving patient-centered care. Objective: To explore clinical, psychosocial, and cultural factors influencing patient satisfaction following TKR performed by the same surgical team. Methods: A qualitative descriptive study was conducted at the Orthopedic Department of Medical Teaching Institute Lady Reading Hospital. Nineteen patients aged 55–70 years who underwent primary TKR were interviewed using a semi-structured format. Interviews explored experiences, expectations, communication, rehabilitation, cultural needs, and satisfaction. Audio-recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Credibility was ensured through investigator triangulation, coding validation, audit trails, and reflexive memoing. Results: All patients reported significant improvement in pain and mobility. Key determinants of satisfaction were effective communication and empathetic care (89%), strong family and community support (100%), respect for religious and cultural practices (95%), positive rehabilitation experience and physiotherapy engagement (84%). Common challenges were emotional distress, limited preoperative counselling about pain management, and insufficient psychological support. Despite these, 95% of patients expressed willingness to recommend total knee replacement to others. Conclusion: High satisfaction following total knee replacement is associated with effective pain relief, professional care, strong family support, and culturally sensitive practices. Enhancing emotional support and preoperative education especially regarding pain and recovery expectations may further improve outcomes..
Cultural Sensitivity, Total Knee Replacement, Osteoarthritis, Patient Satisfaction, Qualitative Study, Rehabilitation
Muhammad Inam, Junaid Sarfaraz Khan, Ahmad Babrak Zeb, Rahat Ali, Naveed Khan, Junaid Javaid, Muhammad Adeel,
Comparative Analysis of Contrast-Enhanced Mammography and Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Diagnosing and Characterizing Breast Lesions
Background: Breast cancer remains the most common malignancy among women worldwide and a major cause of cancer-related mortality. Objective: This study aimed to compare the diagnostic performance of contrast-enhanced mammography and breast MRI in detecting and characterizing breast lesions, using histopathology as the reference standard. Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted at KMU hospital and Research center Peshawar from May 2024 to May 2025. A total of 235 female patients aged 20 years and above with clinically or radiologically detected breast lesions were included. All participants underwent both CEM and breast MRI within a two-week interval, followed by histopathological confirmation through biopsy or surgical excision. Results: The mean age of patients was 48.2 ± 10.6 years. Among the 235 lesions, 164 (69.8%) were malignant and 71 (30.2%) were benign. CEM demonstrated a sensitivity of 95.7% and specificity of 85.9%, while MRI showed a sensitivity of 98.8% and specificity of 83.1% (p > 0.05). The overall diagnostic accuracy was 92.8% for CEM and 94.0% for MRI. There was excellent agreement between BI-RADS categories of both modalities (κ = 0.82). MRI detected additional multifocal or multicentric lesions in 6% of patients, while CEM provided better visualization of lesion margins and microcalcifications. Conclusion: It is concluded that both contrast-enhanced mammography and breast MRI demonstrate high diagnostic accuracy in detecting and characterizing breast lesions. Although MRI remains slightly superior for identifying multifocal disease and assessing lesion extent, CEM offers nearly equivalent diagnostic performance with lower cost, shorter procedure time, and wider availability.
Contrast-enhanced mammography, breast MRI, BI-RADS, breast cancer, diagnostic accuracy
Shaista Khan, Sanam Nusrat, Amjad Ali, Shumaila Khero, Asadullah, Muhammad Imran Farid, Asma Nadeem,
Comparative Analysis of Cancer Incidence, Mortality, and Prevalence in China and Mexico
Cancer remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with its global burden escalating due to aging populations, lifestyle changes, and environmental factors. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), the global incidence of cancer reached 19.3 million new cases in 2020, with an estimated 10 million deaths, a figure projected to rise to 28.4 million new cases annually by 2040 due to demographic shifts and risk factor prevalence [1]. The GLOBOCAN 2022 database, a cornerstone of cancer epidemiology, provides updated estimates for 185 countries, highlighting regional disparities in incidence, mortality, and prevalence. These disparities are influenced by genetic predispositions, socioeconomic conditions, healthcare access, and public health policies [2]. For instance, high-income countries exhibit higher incidence rates for cancers linked to lifestyle (e.g., colorectal, breast), while low- and middle-income countries face elevated mortality from preventable cancers (e.g., liver, cervical) due to late diagnosis and limited treatment options [3]. Age-standardized incidence rates (ASR) and cumulative risk metrics further reveal that cancer burden is not uniformly distributed, with Asia and Latin America showing distinct profiles driven by population size, urbanization, and infectious disease prevalence [4].
Cancer Burden, GLOBOCAN 2022, Incidence and Mortality, Public Health Policy, Socioeconomic Influences
Bogart Yail Marquez*, Jose Nava Nava, Jose Sergio Magdaleno-Palencia, Hilda Narváez Bustos
A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study on Non-Invasive Predictors of esophageal Varices in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease.
Chronic liver disease (CLD) globally affects millions of individuals; the esophageal varices are a major complication of CLD due to portal hypertension. This study evaluates clinical, biochemical, and radiological parameters as non-invasive predictors of esophageal varices in patients with CLD. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre from October 2022 to March 2024, enrolled newly diagnosed CLD patients aged 18–80 years who had not underwent prior treatment for portal hypertension or varices. Thereafter, data on demographics, medical history, laboratory parameters, clinical and imaging findings were collected. The presence and severity of oesophageal varices were assessed using endoscopy and correlated with non-invasive predictors. Among 88 participants, 84.1% had oesophageal varices, predominantly Grade 1 (58.0%). Significant predictors of varices included low platelet count (<100,000/μL), increased spleen size (>12 cm), and platelet-to-spleen ratio (<909) showed correlation with variceal presence. Non-invasive markers, such as serum biomarkers, demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity plays a pivotal role in identifying the early detection of patients at risk of varices. This investigation aids to reduce the reliance on routine endoscopy, improving patient care and resource allocation.
Chronic liver disease, esophageal varices, Platelet-spleen ratio, Portal hypertension
Arunkumar K, Abhirami Etican Arumugam, Vishanthika R , Jayakumar K T , Janardhanan Subramonia Kumar
Accuracy of Neck U/S in Comparison with Frozen Section in Suspicious solitary thyroid nodule.
Background:The vast majority of the population, particularly women, frequently develop thyroid nodules. The therapeutic incidence is between 4% and 7%, but because of the extensive use of ultrasound (US), the incidence has climbed to approximately 67%. Today's surgeons use ultrasonography and frozen sections as their primary diagnostic tools when determining whether a lesion is cancerous. Aim:The objective of the current survey was to compare the accuracy of ultrasound against frozen section in the detection of malignant, suspicious solitary thyroid nodules as well as evaluate the clinical pathology records. Materials and Methods:Using a normalised data collection format, the medical records of all individuals with suspicious solitary thyroid nodules attending This study was conducted at Al-Zahraa and Al-Azhar University Hospital, New Damietta, and was prospectively evaluated. Nodules were classified using the ACR TIRADS scoring system. The overall histology diagnosis was contrasted with the ultrasonography and frozen section findings. The following metrics were estimated: sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and likelihood proportions. Results: There were 50 participants with solitary thyroid nodules; their ages ranged from 28 to 76, with a mean age of 53.4 ± 8.0 years. An anterior neck swelling (60%) was the most typical STN presenting symptom. Pain (20%), hoarseness (16%), and dysphagia (16%) were the other indications that were most prevalent. According to the results of the ultrasound examination, all patients proved to have suspicious thyroid nodules. Solitary thyroid nodules appear on the right side of the thyroid (68%) and the left side of the thyroid (30%), with one (2%) isthmic case. According to the TIRADS score, 18% of patients were mildly suspicious, 20% were moderately suspicious, and 58% of cases were highly suspicious. According to the FS classification, 70% of the suspicious solitary patients had malignant tumours, 10% had benign tumours, and indeterminate nodules were detected in 20% of the studied cases. The frozen section analysis showed a sensitivity of 67% compared to 89% in the ultrasound analysis. The specificity score showed that frozen sections recorded 96.6%, while ultrasound analysis recorded 93%. Conclusion:To conclude, we can depend on US scanning for the diagnosis of malignant solitary thyroid nodules as a predictable tool in the absence of FS. However, in the presence of FS, it can support the diagnosis of malignant thyroid nodules.
Ultrasound, frozen section, solitary, thyroid nodule, suspicious
Mohammed Shehata Zarad, Boshra Ali Ali Elhoseiny, Heba Anwar Shoman, Amal H Ibrahim, Tamer Mohamed Abd Elkader, Marwa Mohy Eldin Abdelrahman Ahmed, Sami Abdallah Mohamed, Shimaa Mohamed Mohamed Ahmed, Marwa Mostafa Fadel Sonbol, Elsayed Mohamed Abd El-Ham
Comparative Efficacy of Micro-Invasive Resin Infiltration Techniques on Acid Resistance and Enamel Microhardness in Orthodontic-Induced White Spot Lesions: An In Vitro Study.
Background: White spot lesions (WSLs) affect 38–96% of orthodontic patients. They form around brackets within 4 weeks due to plaque accumulation in difficult to clean areas, leading to aesthetic issues and compromised treatment outcomes. Objectives: This research was conducted to compare the effect of Icon versus composite resin sealant as resin infiltration systems on the ability to protect orthodontic induced WSLs against acid attacks. Materials and methods: The study involved 120 premolars and 40 premolars from them were divided into 2 control groups (n=20): Group (1) un-demineralized enamel (positive control), Group (2) untreated WSLs (negative control). The remaining 80 premolars were divided into two treatment groups according to the material used in WSLs treatment (n=40); Group (3) Icon, and Group (4) Permaseal composite resin sealant. Groups (3 and 4) were further subdivided into two subgroups (n=20): tested before and after the acid exposure (Coca-Cola). Vickers microhardness evaluation was performed before demineralization, after demineralization, after Icon and Permaseal treatment, and after acidic exposure. Results: The Icon and Permaseal groups exhibited significantly higher microhardness values than the negative control group but significantly lower than the positive control group. Nevertheless, a non-significant difference was found between them. However, the acidic exposure significantly decreased the microhardness values in the Icon and Permaseal subgroups, while the Permaseal subgroup showed the significantly lowest values. The Icon subgroup showed higher microhardness values compared to the negative control group, while the Permaseal subgroup showed non-significant higher difference. Conclusions: Both Icon resin infiltration and Permaseal composite sealant effectively improved the microhardness of artificially induced orthodontic WSLs compared to untreated lesions. However, Icon resin infiltration exhibited superior resistance to acidic exposure, maintaining significantly higher microhardness post-acidic challenge than Permaseal.
Orthodontic white spot lesions, Icon resin infiltration, composite sealant, acid resistance, microhardness
Ahmed Akram El-Awady, Eslam Hassan Gabr, Mohamed Mohamed Ali, Khaled Mohammad Taha, Abdallah Mohammed Bahaa El-Din , Ahmed Talaat Hussein , Mahmoud M. Fathy Aboelmahasen, Ahmed Mohamed Naguib, Alaa Mohammed El Hendawey, Khaled Samy ELHabbak
A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Cohort Study To Characterise The Demographical Profiles Of Lymphoma And Multiple Myeloma Patients At The Radiation And Isotope Centre Of Khartoum (RICK), Sudan.
Background Lymphoma and multiple myeloma are among the most common haematological malignancies globally and pose a substantial burden on health systems, particularly in low-income countries such as Sudan. Objective: This study aimed to describe the demographic distribution of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (HL), Non- Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (NHL), and Multiple Myeloma (MM) among Sudanese patients, focusing on age, sex, and year of diagnosis, to better understand the burden of these haematological malignancies in a low-resource setting. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study analysed demographic data of patients diagnosed with HL, NHL, and MM at the Radiation and Isotope Centre of Khartoum (RICK) between 2016 and 2020. Data were obtained from hospital registries and analysed using SPSS v27.0 and R v4.4.3. Associations between disease type, age, and gender were assessed using chi-square and logistic regression analyses. Results: Of 2,900 reviewed records, 2,741 were eligible. Males constituted 59.9% (n = 1,645), with a male-to- female ratio of 1.5:1. HL was the most common (38.2%), followed by NHL (35.5%) and MM (26.3%). Gender was not significantly associated with malignancy type (p = 0.359), while age distribution differed significantly (p < 0.001), with HL predominating among younger patients and NHL/MM in older adults. Conclusion HL, NHL, and MM represent the most prevalent haematological malignancies treated at Sudan’s national referral centre. Their demographic distribution varies significantly with age but not with gender. These findings highlight the need for targeted resource allocation and awareness strategies based on age-specific risk profiles in the Sudanese population.
Hodgkin’s lymphoma, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, multiple myeloma, epidemiology, Sudan
Awadelkarim, Bahariah Khalid , Rahayu Mohd Eusni
Impact of DCCB-Sponsored SHGs on Financial Inclusion of Rural Members in Vizianagaram District, Andhra Pradesh
The current study researches the issue of Self help groups sponsored by DCCB (Self help Groups) and their impact of enhancing financial inclusion of members within Vizianagaram district, Andhra Pradesh. The study uses an example of 200 SHG members to investigate the effect of three important variables, including Credit Support, Training Programs, and Group Cohesion, on financial inclusion. Simple and linear regression analysis of the data was used after data were gathered using rigorous methodological designs with the aid of structured questionnaires. According to the empirical analysis, the three variables have a strong and positive impact on financial inclusion with Training Programs presenting the most potent impact followed by Credit Support and Group Cohesion. The findings reveal the significance of the right provisioning of loans in time and quantity, of effective capacity-building programs and the social capital of SHGs, which in turn increases the accessibility and usage of formal financial services among the members. These results imply that combined interventions that combine credit facilitation, skills building and cohesive group functioning have to be used concomitantly to enhance financial inclusion. The paper, thus, provides practical recommendations to policy, DCCB, and SHG leaders to improve the financial inclusion and empowerment of rural populations with evidence-based, holistic approaches..
Millimetre-Wave RF Sensors for Non-Contact Vital Sign Monitoring in Healthcare Applications
Recently, demand for continuous and non-invasive ways to track health has grown, mainly due to more telehealth and an older population. The research group created a system that uses mm Wave RF sensors to measure vital signs including respiratory and heart rates without making direct contact. Millimeter-wave RF technology is able to detect very small movements on the human body surface resulting from bodily functions. The system functions as it should even when factors like motion or change of patient posture affect the output of the sensors. A signal processing algorithm is used to help ensure accurate detection of vital signs, no matter if there is noise or interference. Simulating and testing this mmWave RF method confirm it allows for monitoring heart and respiration rate with over 93% accuracy, fast reactions, and better protection against common interference. This study proves that mmWave RF sensors are a reliable and scalable option for monitoring health both at clinics and at home.
Millimeter-wave sensors, RF technology, non-contact monitoring, vital signs, healthcare applications, and remote sensing are all part of IoMT.
Short Term Outcomes of Distal Tibia Fractures Treated with Closed Reduction and Reamed Intramedullary Interlocking Nail in A Tertiary Care Center in North India.
Objectives: This study aimed to analyze functional and radiological outcomes of distal tibia fractures treated with closed reduction and reamed intramedullary interlocking nailing. Material and methods: A prospective study was conducted on 25 patients that fitted the inclusion criteria and underwent closed reduction and intramedullary interlocking nailing. All patients were reviewed at 6, 12, 18 and 24 weeks post-operative and were assessed for clinical and radiological signs of union, time of union, complications and functional score using the Olerud and Molander ankle score. (OMAS) Results: In our study, there were 18 males(72%) and 7 females (28%) with mean age of 34.16±10.99 years.18 patients (72%) had closed fractures and 7 patients had open fracture (28%). According to the AO classification, 11patients (44%) had AO 43A1, 9 patients (36%) had AO 43A2 and 5 patients (20%) had AO 43A3 fractures. Bony union was seen in 21 patients (84%) at 3months (12th week) of follow-up. 4 patients (16%) had delayed union eventually uniting by 6 months. (24 weeks) Mean union time was 15.17±7.20 weeks. 4 patients with delayed union was seen more in cases of open fracture (3 patients) compared to closed fracture. (1 patient) which was statistically significant. (p=0.0023) Using the OMAS, We observed a significant increase in the overall functional score over the follow up interval from 6 weeks to 24 weeks. Overall functional outcomes at 24 weeks revealed that 14 patients (56%) had excellent functional score, 7 patients (28%) had good functional score, and 4 patients (16%) had fair functional score. OMAS in different age groups showed that functional outcomes was higher during all follow up intervals in younger age groups (20-29 years) as compared with to older age groups. (50-59 years) Complications were noted in 2 patients (8%) who developed superficial infections, both of which were open fractures.1 patient (4%) had pain over the distal screw region due to screw prominence which needed removal. Conclusions: We conclude that intramedullary nailing is a better way to treat distal extra-articular fractures of the tibia with early bony union rate, lesser incidence of infection and implant irritation and functional scores ranging from excellent to fair outcomes. We recommend that intraoperative reduction should be as near anatomic as possible and maintained while passing guide wire, reaming and inserting nail to prevent any mal angulation.
Distal tibia fracture, intramedullary interlocking nail, functional outcome, Olerud Molander score
Dr. Aditya musaddi , Dr. Shubham Anant , Dr. Sankalp Agarwal , Dr. Albert D’souza , Dr Arjun Varma , Dr Mayank , Dr Devansh Raj Gupta
Microbiological hazards and compliance of ready-to-eat foods at restaurants..
This study aimed to evaluate the microbiological hazard of 210 ready-to-eat (RTE) food samples collected from local markets in Jordan, including salads, falafel sandwiches, shawerma sandwiches, and garlic sauces. Microbial analysis including Escherichia (E) coli, Bacillus (B) cereus, Staphylococcus (S) aureus, Listeria (L) monocytogenes, and Salmonella spp., was performed using ISO methods. While Salmonella spp. and L. monocytogenes were absent in all samples, E. coli, B. cereus, and S. aureus were detected in 16.2%, 15.2%, and 5.7% of samples, respectively. The highest microbial load was in falafel sandwiches and salads, with some samples exceeding Jordanian microbiological safety limits. The presence of E. coli indicates possible fecal contamination, whereas B. cereus and S. aureus suggest cross-contamination and poor hygiene during preparation and handling of food samples. These findings highlight the potential public health risks associated with RTE foods in Jordan, particularly from informal and small-scale restaurants and canteens.
Food safety, Microbiological hazards, Ready-to-eat food, Restaurants, pathogenic bacteria
Detection Of Human Papillomavirus By Chromogenic In Situ Hybridization And Expression Of P16 Protein In Malignant Lung Lesions: A Histomolecular Analysis
Lung cancer is the most prevalent and lethal malignant neoplasm worldwide, presenting high incidence and mortality rates. New studies have investigated the association between the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and pulmonary carcinogenesis, suggesting that this virus may act as an additional risk factor for lung cancer, promoting the overexpression of protein p16(INK4a), a tumor suppressor and marker of cell cycle dysregulation, in malignant lung cells. However, the etiological relationship between HPV and lung cancer remains unclear. In this sense, the aim of this study was to detect and genotype HPV in lung malignant biopsy samples by nested-PCR, Chromogenic in situ Hybridization (CISH) and Multiplex-PCR with Reverse Line Blot Hybridization (PCR-RDB), correlating its presence with the immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of p16. 62 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded biopsy samples were analyzed, especially adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas. 16.12% of samples were HPV-16 positive, while only 4.83% were HPV-18 positive. PCR-RDB identified the presence of HPV-16 E6 protein in 62.86% of cases. Positive expression of p16 by IHC was identified in 65.62% of lung biopsy samples. CISH assays of HPV-positive lung tumor samples were positive in 20% of cases. No significant differences were identified between comparisons by Mann-Whitney test. Significant differences were observed in Chi-Square and Fisher’s analysis for HPV detection and p16 expression. In the Spearman’s test significant correlations were observed, among others, between tumor stage and lesion (p = 0. 018), tumor stage and detection of HPV-16 E6 (p = 0.016), p16 expression and detection of HPV-16 E6 (p = 0.010) and between HPV detection and p16 expression (p = 0.030). For the diagnosis and differentiation of malignant lung lesions (SCCs or adenocarcinomas), p16 obtained excellent sensitivity (100%) and reasonable specificity (50%). Estimates for NPV were 100% and for PPV 82.10%. For the diagnosis and differentiation of HPV-positive tumors, p16 showed good sensitivity (67.74%) and excellent specificity (83.87%), with NPV corresponding to 55.32% and PPV to 89.82%. Our results reinforce the importance of HPV detection and genotyping, as well as p16 analysis as a complementary biomarker to the diagnosis of lung carcinomas and HPV-associated lesions. New studies, especially longitudinal and prospective ones, may improve p16 analysis by RT-qPCR or NGS, generating more accurate and robust results. HPV analysis should also include the evaluation of its oncogenes expression by quantitative methods, such as RT-qPCR, ensuring more accurate diagnoses and prognoses and a more assertive therapeutic approach.
Carlos Daniel Passos Lobo; Gabriel José Mattos Leão; Emmanuel Nóbrega Travassos de Arruda; Julliano Matheus de Lima Maux; Cecília Evellyn da Silva; Maxwelinne Gonçalves Pedra-Fixe; Helbert Gean da Silva; Isa Cordeiro da Silva; Samara Mly Batista Oliveira
Clinical Intervention of Unani Medicine in case of Infertility (Uqr) due to Polycystic Ovarian Disease (Marz-e-AkhysKusytur Rahem)-A Systematic Clinical & Meta Analysis
Infertility (Uqr) is a foremost reproductive healthiness issue distressing nearly 10–15% of couples worldwide, and Polycystic Ovarian Disease is one of the most common causes of anovulatory infertility in women of reproductive age. PCOD is associated with hormonal imbalance, irregular menstruation, obesity, and hirsutism, leading to ovulatory dysfunction. According to Unani medicine, infertility due to PCOD is described under Ihtibas-al-Tams (retention or suppression of menses) and is primarily caused by Sue Mizaj Barid Balghami (cold and phlegmatic temperament) that leads to uterine coldness, sluggishness, and impaired ovarian function. To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Unani formulations in improving ovulation, menstrual regularity, and conception rates in patients suffering from infertility due to PCOD. Treatment was administered for three consecutive menstrual cycles, and patients were monitored for ovulation by ultrasonography (USG), along with hormonal assays and clinical symptom assessment.Most patients belonged to the 21–30-year age group (73.3%), and the highest incidence of infertility was observed among those with 4–6 years of married life. In Group A, 13 out of 15 patients (86.67%) exhibited ovulation with complete normalization of menstrual cycles, and 7 patients conceived during the study period. Group B showed ovulation in 10 patients (66.67%), with 4 conceptions. Improvement in menstrual regularity was achieved in all cases of both groups, while symptoms like hirsutism and obesity showed partial improvement. No adverse effects were reported in either group, confirming the safety and tolerability of the treatment. The study establishes that Unani formulations are effective in treating infertility due to PCOD, particularly by inducing ovulation and restoring menstrual regularity. The Group A formulation showed superior efficacy, likely due to its emmenagogue, aphrodisiac, deobstruent, and uterine tonic properties, which align with the Unani principles of Taqwiyat-e-Rahem (uterine tonicity) and E‘tidal-e-Mizaj (restoration of temperamental balance). These results support the traditional Unani approach as a natural, holistic, and cost-effective alternative to conventional hormonal therapies..
Infertility,Uqr, Polycystic Ovarian Disease, Unani Medicine, Ovulation, Menstrual irregularity
Dr. B. Mazharunnisa, Dr. Malik Tauheed Ahmed , Dr. Amreen Begum ,Dr. Khan Sumayya Abdul Razzak , Dr. Daniya Wazeef Momin , Dr. N.S. Kareemunnisa