Journal of Carcinogenesis
type: channel
description: What is Journal of Carcinogenesis? Despite the advances in the treatment of cancer and the increasing knowledge of the processes responsible for the disease, there is a gap in the understanding of molecular events leading to cancer and the mechanisms of action by anticancer agents. The field of carcinogenesis is far from being completely explored. Many novel ideas and concepts still need to be introduced into the field, and the results of several provocative experiments are yet to be disseminated and shared. There is a need for multidisciplinary research in the field and a forum for accelerated publication of results. These are the considerations that led to the birth of the online journal, Journal of Carcinogenesis. Journal of Carcinogenesis is a peer-reviewed, online journal designed to bring together many aspects of research to develop the understanding of carcinogenesis. Edited by Gopala Kovvali, Journal of Carcinogenesis is supported by an international Editorial Board. Journal of Carcinogenesis considers manuscripts in many areas of carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention. Primary areas of interest to the journal include: physical and chemical carcinogenesis and mutagenesis; processes influencing or modulating carcinogenesis, such as DNA repair; genetics, nutrition, and metabolism of carcinogens; the mechanism of action of carcinogens and modulating agents; epidemiological studies; and, the formation, detection, identification, and quantification of environmental carcinogens. Manuscripts that contribute to the understanding of cancer prevention are especially encouraged for submission Abstracting and Indexing Information The journal is registered with the following abstracting partners: Baidu Scholar, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), EBSCO Publishing’s Electronic Databases, Ex Libris – Primo Central, Google Scholar, Hinari, Infotrieve, National Science Library, ProQuest, TDNet, Wanfang Data The journal is indexed with, or included in, the following: …
publisher: Wolters Kluwer
language: en
publication name: Journal of Carcinogenesis
issn: 1477-3163
items: AI-Driven Assessment of The Efficacy And Safety of Gene and Cell-Based Therapies for Ischemic Heart Disease: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials
items: Stem Cell Therapy Applications in Surgical Wound Repair: A Qualitative Systematic Review
items: Impact of Post–Cardiac Valve Replacement Surgery Nutrition on Recovery, Inflammation, And Quality of Life Among Cardiac Patients
items: Effectiveness of Arthrocentesis for TMJ Disorders - A Retrospective Analysis
items: Cytotoxicity and Anti Oxidant Effect of Malaleuca Alternifolia
items: Impact of Diabetes on Clinical, Radiological, and Microbiological Parameters in Patients Suspected of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
items: Prakṛti Assessment Through Artificial Intelligence: Classical Foundations, Computational Approaches, And Future Directions In Personalised Āyurvedic Medicine — A Comprehensive Narrative Review
items: Green Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Mediated by Carica papaya Leaf Extract and Their Enhanced Antibacterial Activity
items: Knowledge and Awareness of Socket Preservation Procedures Among Dental Students - A Survey
items: A Study of Post Operative Complications of Thyroid Surgery
items: Suture Length To Wound Length Ratio For Healing and Occurrence of Incisional Hernia of Midline Laparotomy Incisions
items: Chemotherapy Response Score Following Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and its Association with Surgical Outcome and Early Prognosis in Advanced Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: A Single-Center Study
items: Evaluation of the impaction of surgical intervention and its predictive factors in patients with chronic obstructive renal failure.
items: Molecular Docking Analysis on The Identification The Activation of Endogenous Beta Endorphin on The Regulation of Neuro Inflammatory Signalling Relevant To Inflammatory Mediated Cancer
items: Correlation of Clinical Symptoms with Hematological and Biochemical Abnormalities Among Tuberculosis Patients.
items: Speech and Swallowing Following Tongue Cancer Surgery and Free Flap Reconstruction-A Systematic Review
items: Gastrointestinal Tract Duplications, a Multicenter study
items: Endometrial Carcinoma With Prominent Squamous Differentiation In A Postmenopausal Woman: A Case Report
items: Contraceptive Conversations: Exploring Awareness, Beliefs, and Stigma around Contraception in Urban India
items: Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Melanoma: Who and When? A Literature Review
items: AI-Driven Mendelian Randomization for Biomarker Discovery in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review of Precision Medicine Approaches
items: Validation of LLM-Based Data Curation for Oncology Clinical Trials: A Review encompassing comparison with Manual Abstraction
items: A Theoretical Exploration of the Psychosomatic Impact of COVID-19 on Women
items: Integrative Insights into Agni Dysregulation and Thyroid Hypofunction: Narrative Review
items: Machine Learning–Based Predictive Models For Outcomes After Metabolic Bariatric Surgery: Accuracy, Validation, And Clinical Utility — A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis
items: Lifespan Variabilities in Electrooculography Parameters: Role of Sex-Linked Hormonal Profiles and Neural Maturation
items: Epidemiology and Treatment Outcomes of Lymphoma in Karbala, Iraq: Insights from a Retrospective Analysis
items: Safety and Efficacy of First Arterial Approach in Management of Pancreatic Head Carcinoma
items: Accuracy of computer-aided indirect bonding using hard resin trays
items: Socio Economic Benefits of Bamboo Livelihood and Rural Development

AI-Driven Assessment of The Efficacy And Safety of Gene and Cell-Based Therapies for Ischemic Heart Disease: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials
type: item
description: Background: Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. In spite of the new technology in revascularization and pharmacotherapy, a significant number of patients still report refractory angina, dysfunction of perfusion and chronic ventricular dysfunction. Gene and cell-based regenerative therapies are some of the biological interventions that have been identified as promising because of their ability to promote angiogenesis, reduce ischemic injury, and augment myocardial repair. The results of clinical trials have however been inconsistent and the overall effectiveness, safety, and quality of such therapies have not been adequately synthesized. Objective: To carry out a systematic review and assessment of the effectiveness, safety, and methodological quality of clinical trials on gene-based and cell-based therapies of IHD, and also to compare therapeutic outcomes among the various types of vectors, various cell populations, different routes of delivery, and types of imaging. Methods: A methodical search of PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov and IEEE Xplore and Google Scholar was done to find studies published between 2000 and January 2024. They consisted of randomized controlled trials, controlled cohorts, and phase I-III human clinical trials on gene or cell therapies to treat IHD. Screening, data extraction, and quality assessment were conducted by two independent reviewers based on Cochrane RoB 2 and ROBINS-I software. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to pool the outcomes of LVEF, perfusion indices, angina frequency, 6-minute walk distance and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Correlation analysis was used to measure relationships among dose, sample size, delivery route, imaging modalities and therapeutic results. Results: Out of the 5,820 records identified, 42 trials comprising of 4980 treated patients and 3450 controls had passed the inclusion cr…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Heart disease ischemic; Artificial Intelligence; gene therapy; stem cell therapy; cardiac regeneration; myocardial perfusion; angiogenesis; regenerative medicine; clinical trials.
  topic: keywords
creator: Daniel Benniah John, Miad Islam
creator: Md Samir Murad, Mohammad Delowar Hossain Gazi
creator: Md Rokibul Hasan, Md Rubel Mia
creator: Fariah Tabbasum, Aslesha Changalasetty
creator: Surya Mohan Reddy Kattera, Kashafat Tanjil Safina
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2024-12-25
publication date: 2024-12-25
starting page: 1065
ending page: 1078
doi: 10.66838/J.Carcinog.23.1.1065-1078

Stem Cell Therapy Applications in Surgical Wound Repair: A Qualitative Systematic Review
type: item
description: Background: Stem cell therapy has emerged as a promising regenerative approach for enhancing surgical wound healing. Wound repair is a complex biological process involving inflammation, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and tissue remodeling. However, various clinical conditions such as diabetes and vascular insufficiency may impair this process and lead to delayed healing. Methods: This qualitative systematic review aimed to explore the biological mechanisms, clinical applications, and translational challenges of stem cell therapy in surgical wound repair. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Priority was given to recent studies published from 2019 onward; however, seminal earlier studies were included where foundational mechanistic or regulatory relevance justified their inclusion. Results: The findings indicate that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play a significant role in wound healing through immunomodulation, promotion of angiogenesis, and enhancement of extracellular matrix remodeling. Various delivery methods, including direct injection and biomaterial scaffolds, have shown promising outcomes. However, several challenges remain, including variability in stem cell sources, lack of standardized protocols, and regulatory limitations affecting clinical translation. Conclusions: Stem cell therapy demonstrates substantial potential in improving surgical wound healing and tissue regeneration. Despite encouraging results, further standardized clinical trials and regulatory frameworks are required to support widespread clinical application.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Wound healing; Stem cells; Mesenchymal stem cells; Regenerative medicine; Tissue engineering; Surgical wound repair
  topic: keywords
creator: Ali Abdelnour, Suhaib Tagedin Ahmed
creator: Zainab Ali AlSalem, Lamis Shafi Raddad Alanzi
creator: Hadeel Zaid Alanzi, Amjad Naif Alghamdi
creator: Omar Hatim Alshammari, Maram Meshal AL Amari
creator: Samar Hazza Alojmani, Talah Abdulelah Ahjuhni
creator: Saud Sultan Alharbi, Bashg Mohammed AlMandil
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2025-12-25
publication date: 2025-12-25
starting page: 780
ending page: 789
doi: 10.66838/J.Carcinog.24.10s.780-789

Impact of Post–Cardiac Valve Replacement Surgery Nutrition on Recovery, Inflammation, And Quality of Life Among Cardiac Patients
type: item
description: Background: After cardiac valve replacement surgery, there is a pronounced inflammatory response and heightened metabolic rate. The adequacy of nutrition may affect immune modulation, recovery parameters, and quality of life (QOL), but there is a paucity of combined prospective data. Objective: To assess the effect of postoperative nutritional status on inflammation, recovery, and QOL in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement surgery. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was performed from January 2026 to March 2026 in a tertiary care cardiothoracic surgery unit. A total of 250 adult patients (18-80 years) undergoing elective aortic, mitral, or double valve replacement surgery were studied. Postoperative nutritional status was determined by dietary and biochemical parameters (calorie and protein intake, serum albumin, prealbumin, hemoglobin, vitamin D, and omega-3 fatty acid intake), and patients were classified as having adequate, moderate, or poor nutrition. Inflammatory response was measured by CRP levels (Day 1, Day 3, and Day 7). Recovery parameters included wound healing score, ejection fraction (EF), and ambulation time. QOL was measured by SF-36/WHOQOL-BREF questionnaires at baseline (discharge), 1 month, and 3 months. Statistical analysis included descriptive and comparative statistics using independent t-test/ANOVA, with p<0.05 considered significant. Results: Mean age was 56.27 ± 12.74 years, with 133 (53.2%) male and 117 (46.8%) female patients. CRP values reduced in all nutritional groups from Day 1 to Day 7. In the adequate nutrition group, mean CRP reduced from 30.43 ± 12.51 (Day 1) to 21.03 ± 11.96 (Day 7). Comparison between adequate and poor nutrition groups revealed no statistically significant difference in CRP values on Day 1 (p=0.973), Day 3 (p=0.975), and Day 7 (p=0.937). Recovery rates were in favor of the adequate nutrition group, with higher wound healing score (7.50 ± 1.70 vs 7.02 ± 1.64, p=0.155), slightly highe…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Cardiac valve replacement; Postoperative nutrition; Inflammation; C-reactive protein; Recovery outcomes; Wound healing; Quality of life; SF-36; Cardiopulmonary bypass; Nutritional status.
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Amrita Masih, Dr. Rakesh Verma, Anuradha Singh
creator: Dr. Gyanendra Kumar, Dr. Jogendra Singh
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-06-20
publication date: 2026-06-20
starting page: 463
ending page: 469
doi: 10.66838/J.Carcinog.25.1.463-469

Effectiveness of Arthrocentesis for TMJ Disorders - A Retrospective Analysis
type: item
description: The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is one of the most complex and frequently used joints in the human body. It is a bilateral synovial articulation that connects the mandibular condyle to the temporal bone of the skull and plays a vital role in essential functions such as mastication, speech, swallowing, yawning, and facial expression. The joint consists of the mandibular condyle, articular eminence, glenoid fossa, articular disc, ligaments, and associated muscles, all of which work in harmony to facilitate smooth mandibular movements(1). Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMJDs) represent a group of musculoskeletal and neuromuscular conditions affecting the TMJ, masticatory muscles, and associated structures. These disorders are among the most common causes of non-dental orofacial pain and can significantly impair an individual’s quality of life. Clinical manifestations of TMJDs include pain in the preauricular region, joint sounds such as clicking or crepitus, restricted mouth opening, deviation of the mandible during movement, headaches, ear-related symptoms, and difficulty in chewing.(2) The etiology of TMJDs is multifactorial and may involve trauma, parafunctional habits, psychological stress, occlusal discrepancies, inflammatory conditions, and degenerative joint diseases(2,3).
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Samudhrasri S, Dr. Melvin george
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2023-12-25
publication date: 2023-12-25
starting page: 239
ending page: 244
doi: 10.66838/J.Carcinog.22.2.239-244

Cytotoxicity and Anti Oxidant Effect of Malaleuca Alternifolia
type: item
description: Since ancient times, medicinal plants have been extensively used in traditional healthcare systems for the prevention and treatment of various diseases. In developing countries, a large proportion of the population continues to depend on traditional medicine due to its accessibility, affordability, and perceived safety. Natural products derived from medicinal plants have gained significant attention as potential therapeutic agents because they contain a wide variety of bioactive compounds with pharmacological properties. Consequently, medicinal plants have become an important source for the discovery and development of novel drugs used in the treatment of infections, cancer, inflammatory disorders, and other chronic diseases.(1)
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Samudhrasri S, DR. S Rajalakshmanan Eswaramoorthy
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2023-12-25
publication date: 2023-12-25
starting page: 233
ending page: 238
doi: 10.66838/J.Carcinog.22.2.233-238

Impact of Diabetes on Clinical, Radiological, and Microbiological Parameters in Patients Suspected of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
type: item
description: Objective: Diabetes mellitus is a documented risk factor that modifies the clinical course and severity of pulmonary tuberculosis. Therefore, this study compares the clinical presentation, radiological features, and microbiological findings of pulmonary tuberculosis patients with and without diabetes mellitus. Methodology: This cross-sectional experimental study was conducted in institute of Basic Medical Sciences (IBMS), Khyber Medical University. A total of 103 patients aged ≥18 years diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis, categorized into two groups based on their diabetic status: with Diabetes (n = 52) and without Diabetes (n = 51), were included in the study. A chi-square test was used to examine the association of clinical, radiological and microbiological findings between both groups. Additionally, a Mann Whitney test was employed to analyze the relationship between the means of demographic variables between groups. Results: The study findings showed that the diabetic patients more frequently reported weight loss 48(92.3%) vs. 39(76.5%) and reduced appetite 47(90.4%) vs. 33(64.7%). On chest X-ray, lower zone involvement was significantly higher in diabetics 29(55.8%), while non-diabetics showed more upper 16(31.4%) and middle zone 18(35.3%) opacities. CT findings similarly showed predominant lower zone disease in diabetics 28(53.8%) and greater upper zone involvement in non-diabetics 17(33.3%). Microbiological tests including AFB culture (28.8% vs. 25.5%) and ZN staining (26.9% vs. 25.5%), did not differ significantly between groups. Conclusion: This study concluded that diabetic patients exhibited significantly higher rates of weight loss, reduced appetite, and a greater burden of lower-zone lung involvement on both CXR and CT imaging, whereas non-diabetic patients more frequently showed upper and middle zone abnormalities and mediastinal changes.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Pulmonary Tuberculosis, sputum, clinical symptoms, chest X-ray.
  topic: keywords
creator: Rahmat Ullah Jan, Satheesh Babu Natarajan, Nasir Ali
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2025-12-25
publication date: 2025-12-25
starting page: 772
ending page: 779
doi: 10.66838/J.Carcinog.24.10s.772-779

Prakṛti Assessment Through Artificial Intelligence: Classical Foundations, Computational Approaches, And Future Directions In Personalised Āyurvedic Medicine — A Comprehensive Narrative Review
type: item
description: Background- Prakṛti (psychophysiological constitution) is a foundational concept in Āyurveda that determines individual susceptibility to disease, drug response, and therapeutic outcomes. Traditional Prakṛti assessment relies on subjective clinical evaluation — physical examination, questionnaires, and pulse diagnosis — which suffers from inter-practitioner variability, lack of standardisation, and limited scalability. The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), and Deep Learning (DL) technologies offers transformative potential for objectifying, standardising, and scaling Prakṛti assessment through computational approaches. Objective- To comprehensively review the classical conceptualisation of Prakṛti in Āyurveda, systematically evaluate contemporary AI and ML approaches for Prakṛti classification including questionnaire-based models, pulse waveform analysis, facial image recognition, tongue diagnosis, genomic data mining, natural language processing, and wearable sensor integration; and to critically assess the current evidence, methodological challenges, ethical considerations, and future directions for AI-driven Prakṛti assessment in personalised medicine. Methods- Classical Āyurvedic texts (Charaka Samhitā Vimāna Sthāna 8, Suśruta Samhitā Śārīra Sthāna 4, Aṣṭāṅgahṛdayam Śārīra Sthāna 3) were reviewed for the Prakṛti framework. Published peer-reviewed literature on AI/ML applications in Prakṛti assessment was searched on PubMed, IEEE Xplore, Scopus, Google Scholar, DHARA, and AYUSH Research Portal using terms 'Prakriti machine learning', 'Ayurveda artificial intelligence', 'constitution classification deep learning', 'pulse diagnosis AI', 'Ayurvedic phenotyping computational', 'Prakriti genomics AI', and related terms. Publications from 2010 to 2025 were included. Grey literature including conference proceedings and dissertations were also considered. Results- Multiple AI/ML modalities have been applied to Prakṛti classificatio…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Artificial Intelligence, Āyurveda, Classification, Deep Learning, Machine Learning, Personalised medicine, Phenotyping, Prakṛti, Tridoṣa, Wearable sensors
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Meet Patel, Dr. Neha Sajwan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2024-12-30
publication date: 2024-12-30
starting page: 1042
ending page: 1050
doi: 10.66838/J.Carcinog.23.1.1042-1050

Green Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Mediated by Carica papaya Leaf Extract and Their Enhanced Antibacterial Activity
type: item
description: Background: The emergence of multidrug-resistant microorganisms has necessitated the development of novel antimicrobial agents. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using medicinal plant extracts offers an eco-friendly and cost-effective alternative to conventional nanoparticle synthesis methods. Carica papaya leaves are rich in bioactive phytochemicals that can act as reducing and stabilizing agents during nanoparticle synthesis. Aim: The present study aimed to synthesize silver nanoparticles using Carica papaya leaf extract, characterize the synthesized nanoparticles, and evaluate their antimicrobial efficacy against selected bacterial and fungal pathogens. Materials and Methods: Aqueous leaf extract of Carica papaya was prepared and utilized for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using UV–Visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Antimicrobial activity was assessed using the agar well diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans at concentrations of 25 and 100 µg/mL. Results: UV–Visible spectroscopy confirmed nanoparticle formation through the appearance of a characteristic absorption band around 260–280 nm. FTIR analysis revealed the presence of hydroxyl, amine, and phenolic functional groups involved in nanoparticle reduction and stabilization. SEM images demonstrated irregularly shaped and aggregated nanoparticles. Antimicrobial studies revealed significant inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans, with inhibition zones of 23 mm and 28 mm respectively at 100 µg/mL concentration. Conclusion: Carica papaya leaf extract-mediated silver nanoparticles were successfully synthesized and exhibited promising antimicrobial activity. The synthesized nanoparticles may serve as potential candidates for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Innovation, Sustainability, Carica papaya, Silver nanoparticles, Green synthesis, Antimicrobial activity, SEM, FTIR, UV–Vis spectroscopy.
  topic: keywords
creator: Neha R, Dr Rajalakshmanan Eswaramoorthy
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2024-12-25
publication date: 2024-12-25
starting page: 1035
ending page: 1041
doi: 10.66838/J.Carcinog.23.1.1035-1041

Knowledge and Awareness of Socket Preservation Procedures Among Dental Students - A Survey
type: item
description: Introduction: The volume of the alveolar bone after extraction is maintained through socket preservation, typically for an implant or fixed partial denture pontic site. This surgery aids in making up for the loss of facial bone tissue. When implant placement must be postponed due to patient- or site-related issues, socket preservation should be taken into account. Autograft, allograft, xenograft, and alloplast are frequently used as biomaterials in socket grafting procedures. Materials and Methodology: An online survey was conducted among 200 undergraduate dental students consisting of questions on socket preservation, its usage, forms, types of grafts to test their knowledge. The result was obtained and respective responses were statistically analyzed in SPSS using descriptive analysis. Results: 66% of the students did not have knowledge about the use of socket preservation. 56% answered correctly that the growth factors used for socket preservation are BMP-2 and MSC. 67% were unaware that guided bone regeneration can improve ridge height and width. 56% of the students knew autograft is the golden standard when it comes to grafts. 45% were aware that socket sealing aids better tissue healing. Conclusion: The knowledge of socket preservation, its techniques and various bone grafts is unsatisfactory among dental students. There is a need for more knowledge, awareness and research regarding socket preservation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Awareness, Grafting, Knowledge, Ridge Grafting, Socket Preservation, Socket Sealing, Wellbeing, Health, Disease
  topic: keywords
creator: Sneha Harshini. S, Balaji Ganesh. S
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2022-10-30
publication date: 2022-10-30
starting page: 85
ending page: 94
doi: 10.66838/J.Carcinog.21.2.85-94

A Study of Post Operative Complications of Thyroid Surgery
type: item
description: Introduction- Thyroidectomy continues a difficult surgical treatment. Because are numerous critical & sensitive anatomy elements near area of thyroid, as well as great blood supply in area of neck, which makes procedure highly vulnerable to difficulties. Methodology- This Prospective Cohort Study was conducted among postoperative patient who are diagnosed with thyroid swelling among 50 Inpatients and outpatients selected using Convenient Sampling. Patients admitted and positively diagnosed as having thyroid swellings requiring surgical management and willing for surgery and above 18 years were included in this study. Demographic data such as age and sex will be recorded. Patients will be interviewed for the history and a thorough physical examination will be conducted including Vitals, Systemic examination, neck examination after due informed consent is taken. Results- Thyroid disease is more common in females in the male female ratio of 1:8. Overall incidence of hypocalcemia is (15/54) 27.7%. All of them are transient and none is permanent. Incidence of hypocalcemia is more in more extensive surgery. Highest in total thyroidectomy. Two cases of cord paralysis was seen. Conclusion- There has been a significant reduction in the incidence of complications and mortality in thyroid surgery due to improved surgical techniques.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Thyroidectomy, Post op complications, Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Palsy
  topic: keywords
creator: Akash Krishna, G. Muralidharan, Reshma Rajeev
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-06-11
publication date: 2026-06-11
starting page: 458
ending page: 462
doi: 10.66838/J.Carcinog.25.1.458-462

Suture Length To Wound Length Ratio For Healing and Occurrence of Incisional Hernia of Midline Laparotomy Incisions
type: item
description: Introduction- Incisional hernia increases the length of hospital stay, readmission, future surgery, delayed adjuvant treatment, suboptimal esthetic outcome, and impaired psychosocial well-being. Methodology- Prospective Comparison Type of Study with Sample size of 110 and Sampling technique used was Convenient Sampling. All patients undergoing abdominal procedure through a midline incision, older than 18 years and with Elective and Emergency laparotomy surgeries operated for Intra-abdominal pathology were included in the study while subjects with mentally incapable of giving consent, who have undergone multiple abdominal surgeries and patients who had an incisional hernia after previous midline operation. Quantitative variables like age, mean length of incision will be analyzed and presented using mean and SD. Chi square test or Fisher's exact test was used. Results- Mean age was comparable in between both groups. Comparison of patients based on ASA among Group A and B calculated using chi square test, p=0.01, which is <0.05 which shows statistical Significant difference between ASA Score among Group A and B. Suture material used among Group A and B by Unpaired t- test, p=0.07, which is >0.05 which shows no Statistical Significant difference. Conclusion- The suture length to wound length ratio depends on the size of tissue bites, the distance between bites and the tension on the suture.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Incisional Hernia, Suture, ASA
  topic: keywords
creator: Tummapala Sai Dutt Bharat, G Muralidharan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-06-11
publication date: 2026-06-11
starting page: 452
ending page: 457
doi: 10.66838/J.Carcinog.25.1.452-457

Chemotherapy Response Score Following Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and its Association with Surgical Outcome and Early Prognosis in Advanced Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: A Single-Center Study
type: item
description: Background: Chemotherapy response score (CRS) is a histopathologic measure of tumor regression following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. Evidence from resource-limited settings remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate the association of CRS with surgical cytoreduction, platinum resistance, disease progression, and survival following NACT and interval debulking surgery (IDS). Methods: This prospective observational cohort included 153 women with FIGO stage III–IV epithelial ovarian cancer treated at NICRH, Dhaka, from January 2017 to December 2019, with follow-up through December 2022. All patients received paclitaxel–carboplatin NACT followed by IDS. CRS was assigned using a three-tier system and categorized as CRS 1–2 versus CRS 3. Group comparisons were performed using t-tests and chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests. Logistic regression assessed progression at 1 and 3 years, while progression-free survival (PFS) was analyzed using Kaplan–Meier curves with log-rank testing. Results: Among 153 patients, 126 were CRS 1–2 and 27 were CRS 3. R0 resection was achieved in 88.9% of CRS 3 compared with 35.7% of CRS 1–2 (p < 0.001). Platinum resistance occurred in 54.8% of CRS 1–2 and none in CRS 3 (p < 0.001). One- and three-year survival rates were significantly higher in CRS 3. CRS 1–2 and residual disease independently predicted progression, while PFS was significantly improved in CRS 3. Conclusion: CRS is a strong predictor of cytoreduction, platinum sensitivity, progression risk, and survival outcomes after NACT–IDS in advanced ovarian cancer.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Chemotherapy Response Score, Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy, High-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma, Interval Debulking Surgery, Progression-Free Survival
  topic: keywords
creator: Susmita Sarker, Shahana Pervin
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-06-10
publication date: 2026-06-10
starting page: 443
ending page: 451
doi: 10.66838/J.Carcinog.25.1.443-451

Evaluation of the impaction of surgical intervention and its predictive factors in patients with chronic obstructive renal failure.
type: item
description: Objective: To evaluate results of surgical intervention in patients with chronic obstructive renal failure with assessment of some of the factors that may predict favorable outcomes. Patients and methods: Eighty-six patients diagnosed clinically with chronic obstructive renal failure (53 men and 33 women ranging in age between 25 and 69 years) included in this study from July 2022 to September 2025. The patients were divided according to history of renal impairment and/or regular dialysis into two groups: Group (A): Patients with no regular dialysis (46 patients) (28 males & 18 females. Group (B): Patients with regular dialysis (40 patients) (25 males & 15 females. All patients have been evaluated according to the protocol of obstructive uropathy preoperatively and followed up for 6 months post operatively. Results: Patients of group A, showed improvement in 33 patients (71.74%), equivocal improvement in7 patients (15.22%) and did not improve in 6 patients (13.04). In patients of group B, renal functions showed different degrees of improvement as follow: In 14 patients (35%) good improvement and subsequent complete weaning from dialysis occurred, while in 16 patients (40%) there was a decrease in weekly dialysis sessions from 3 to 2 sessions/week. In the remaining 10 patients (25%) there was no improvement and patients continued to have regular dialysis as preintervention. The overall complications in this series were (12.79%). The incidence was much more in the chronic cases group B. Conclusion: There is evidence of reversibility of renal function after long standing obstruction which provides justification for efforts to identify and treat urinary tract obstruction even if a patient with an obstruction requires dialysis to avoid the dialysis or kidney transplantation or helping patients under dialysis for complete weaning form dialysis or decrease their number of weekly sessions, and in all cases the risk of the procedures should be weighed against the chances of …
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Chronic obstructive renal failure, dialysis, surgical intervention.
  topic: keywords
creator: Tamer A. Abouelgreed, M. Abdelwadood
creator: Ahmed Shaalan, Saad Alqasem, Ali Al-Gonaim
creator: Mosab F. Alassal, Abdelhamid Ali Khattab
creator: Alaa Ali Mousa, Fayez Ahmed Elaskary
creator: Osama I. Obeidat, Ahmed A. Aboomar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2025-08-30
publication date: 2025-08-30
starting page: 1011
ending page: 1017
doi: 10.66838/J.Carcinog.24.7s.1011-1017

Molecular Docking Analysis on The Identification The Activation of Endogenous Beta Endorphin on The Regulation of Neuro Inflammatory Signalling Relevant To Inflammatory Mediated Cancer
type: item
description: BACKGROUND: Beta-endorphin is an opioid neuropeptide which has an important role in paracrine communication of brain messages. Beta-endorphin is the missing link between the neuron and the wall of the arteriole, it is a fundamental neurotransmitter.When you exercise, a chemical is released by the body called beta-endorphins which interact with the receptors in your brain to reduce the perception of pain. AIM: To analyse the beta endorphin interaction with inflammatory markers and also to identify the activation of endogenous beta-endorphin on the regulation of neuro inflammatory signalling. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The molecular docking analysis is a bioinformatic study conducted in a private dental college. The endogenous substance Beta-endorphin which is secreted after exercise is used as a target protein.The interaction of beta-endorphin with the proteins relevant to inflammatory mediated cancer namely IL-6,TNF-alpha, MMP are included for docking analysis. The protein structure is retrieved using protein data bank, protein protein docking done using patch dock server followed by visualization of protein-protein interaction using pymol. RESULTS: The representation of beta endorphin with IL-6, TNF-alpha, MMP complex showed good shape complementarity. From that we identified that the amino acids THR-16, LEU-17, PHE-18, LYS-19, ASN-20, ALA-21, ILE-22, LYS-24, ALA-26, TYR-27, GLY-30 AND GLU-31 residues of Beta endorphin mostly involved in the interaction wilt IL-6, TNF-alpha and MMP. These residues are also present in the active site region of beta-endorphin. CONCLUSION: From the results of the analysis and within the limitations of the study it can be concludeb the role of exercise induced beta endorphin may act as a regulator of IL-6, TNF- alpha signalling in inflammatory mediated cancer.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Cancer; beta-endorphin;TNF-alpha; IL-6; MMP; inflammatory mediated cancer;innovative method.
  topic: keywords
creator: Akshetha.L.S, Lavanya Prathap
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2021-10-30
publication date: 2021-10-30
starting page: 13
ending page: 19
doi: 10.66838/J.Carcinog.20.1.13-19

Correlation of Clinical Symptoms with Hematological and Biochemical Abnormalities Among Tuberculosis Patients.
type: item
description: Objective: Tuberculosis (TB) is a key health issue and is characterized by a wide variety of clinical symptoms which can be affected by the underlying biochemical and hematological status of the patients. Therefore, this study assessed the association of clinical symptoms with biochemical and hematological findings among patients with tuberculosis. Methodology: This cross-sectional experimental study was conducted in institute of Basic Medical Sciences (IBMS), Khyber Medical University. A total of 103 patients aged ≥15 years suspected with pulmonary tuberculosis, were included in the study. A chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test was used to observe the association between clinical symptoms and demographics, hematological, and biochemical findings. Additionally, a Mann Whitney test was employed to analyze the relationship between the means of demographic variables. Results: The study findings showed that all patients reported cough, and 100 (97.1%) had fever, with no significant association between symptoms and demographics, comorbidities, medication use, or hematological markers such as TLC and ESR (p>0.05). Significant associations were found with diabetes, where weight loss 48 (55.2%) (p=0.032) and reduced appetite (p=0.002) were more common among diabetics. Reduced appetite was also significantly linked to fasting blood sugar levels (p=0.017) and chronic illness (p=0.020), while all other variables showed no significant associations. Conclusion: This study concluded that comorbid diabetes and chronic illnesses were significantly associated with main clinical symptoms, such as weight loss and reduced appetite. A significant association was identified between fasting blood sugar levels and reduced appetite. In contrast, hematological parameters including Total Leukocyte Count (TLC) and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR), showed no significant association with clinical symptoms.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Pulmonary Tuberculosis, clinical symptoms, reduced apatite, weight loss, hematological parameters
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Rahmat Ullah Jan, Prof Dr. Satheesh Babu Natarajan
creator: Dr. Nasir Ali
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 821
ending page: 826
doi: 10.66838/J.Carcinog.24.6s.821-826

Speech and Swallowing Following Tongue Cancer Surgery and Free Flap Reconstruction-A Systematic Review
type: item
description: Introduction-Tongue restoration presents a number of difficulties, including pedicle or free flaps, with variances resulting from the creation of the entire neotongue or the remaining native tongue tissue. Methods: Research on functional outcomes following tongue restoration with flaps was found using a thorough search of Embase, PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. 42 of the 782 articles were reviewed. The Critical Appraisal Skills Program instrument was used by four independent researchers to evaluate bias risk. Results: While free flaps like the radial forearm and anterolateral thigh were commonly utilised, the submental flap was the most common pedicle flap. Rebuilding type, postoperative radiation, and the extent of resection all affected functional results. In terms of functionality, neo-tongue reconstruction was different from oral tongue reconstruction. Speech results were comparable across pedicle and free flaps, while swallow outcomes were better with sensory or motor- innervated flaps. Conclusions: The study’s findings are limited by inconsistent data, retrospective designs, and lack of standardized methods, necessitating cautious interpretation. Free flaps consistently offer better functional outcomes for tongue reconstruction, improving over time with rehabilitation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Tripta Agarwal
creator: Rakesh Nagaraju
creator: Ajay Kumar Jagdish
creator: Arnab Saha
creator: Indira Priyadarshini
creator: Kumar Ankit
creator: Nikhil Kumar Gautam
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-06-04
publication date: 2026-06-04
starting page: 438
ending page: 442
doi: 10.66838/J.Carcinog.25.1.438-442

Gastrointestinal Tract Duplications, a Multicenter study
type: item
description: Background: Gastrointestinal tract duplications are uncommon congenital abnormalities with variable clinical presentations, ranging from abdominal distension to intestinal obstruction. Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics, surgical management, and outcomes of pediatric patients with gastrointestinal tract duplications at a tertiary center. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on 28 pediatric patients diagnosed with gastrointestinal tract duplications. Inclusion criteria comprised patients who underwent surgical management with complete medical records. Data on demographics, clinical presentation, anatomical site, duplication type, associated anomalies, surgical procedures, and postoperative outcomes were analyzed. Clinical evaluation, imaging, and histopathology confirmed diagnoses. Surgical approaches included resection with primary anastomosis, stoma formation, excision/enucleation, and partial excision with mucosal stripping, depending on lesion type and location. Results: The most prevalent symptoms were abdominal distension and vomiting (50%), followed by abdominal mass (28.6%). Ileal duplications were most frequent (67.8%), followed by jejunal (14.3%) and gastric (7.1%) lesions. Cystic duplications predominated (60.7%). Resection with primary anastomosis was performed in 75% of patients. Overall, 23 patients (82.1%) had favorable outcomes, while 5 (17.9%) experienced complications, primarily sepsis (4 cases) and anastomotic leak (1 case). Conclusion: Gastrointestinal tract duplications mainly present in early childhood with a slight male predominance. Early diagnosis and appropriate surgical management, primarily resection with anastomosis, result in favorable outcomes, with complications largely related to infection.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Gastrointestinal duplications, pediatric surgery, cystic duplication, ileum
  topic: keywords
creator: Hatem W Alsherbiny,, Alsayed M Othman MD,
creator: Taha Sobhy Taha, Reda Alkady
creator: Tharwat Hussein, Hasan A Adly
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2024-12-25
publication date: 2024-12-25
starting page: 1029
ending page: 1034
doi: 10.66838/J.Carcinog.23.1.1029-1034

Endometrial Carcinoma With Prominent Squamous Differentiation In A Postmenopausal Woman: A Case Report
type: item
description: Background: Endometrial Carcinoma is the most common gynecological malignancy in the postmenopausal age group. Squamous differentiation is an uncommon histological variant that may pose diagnostic challenges, particularly in distinguishing it from primary cervical malignancy. Case Presentation: We report a case of a postmenopausal woman, who presented with complaints of postmenopausal bleeding. Imaging revealed a thickened endometrium. Histopathological examination of the endometrial sampling suggested invasive carcinoma with extensive squamous differentiation, raising a differential diagnosis between cervical and endometrial origin. The patient underwent staging laparotomy with total abdominal hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy. Final histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of endometrioid carcinoma with squamous differentiation with involvement of bilateral fallopian tubes in the absence of myometrial invasion. Conclusion-This case highlights the diagnostic challenge posed by squamous differentiation in endometrial carcinoma and demonstrates an unusual pattern of tumor spread to the fallopian tubes without myometrial invasion. Recognition of such atypical presentations is essential for accurate diagnosis, staging, and management.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Endometrial carcinoma, Squamous differentiation, Postmenopausal bleeding, Case report
  topic: keywords
creator: Niharika, Vijaya Koothan, Sowmiya Ravi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-06-02
publication date: 2026-06-02
starting page: 435
ending page: 437
doi: 10.66838/J.Carcinog.25.1.435-437

Contraceptive Conversations: Exploring Awareness, Beliefs, and Stigma around Contraception in Urban India
type: item
description: Background: Despite improved access to contraceptive methods in urban India, widespread misinformation, social stigma, and limited education continue to restrict their effective use. Critically, poor contraceptive knowledge has direct implications beyond reproductive health — low condom uses increases exposure to oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV), while gaps in knowledge around hormonal contraceptives leave users unaware of associated cancer risks. This study aimed to evaluate current knowledge, attitudes, and practices around contraception to identify persisting gaps and their potential carcinogenic implications. Objectives: To assess awareness, knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and acceptance around contraceptive practices among urban Indians, with a focus on knowledge gaps that may contribute to increased cancer risk through suboptimal contraceptive behaviours. Methods: A cross-sectional online awareness survey of 240 participants (140 females and 100 males) aged 18 to 50 years was conducted between September and October 2025. Results: Females showed notably greater openness in discussing contraception than males. The male condom was the most recognised and used method, yet awareness of its role in HPV and cancer prevention was absent. Awareness of IUDs and implants was poor. Over 50% lacked knowledge on the correct use of oral contraceptive pills, including unawareness of associated cancer risk profiles. 30% believed contraceptives adversely affect fertility or sexual function. 75% equated emergency contraception with abortion. 80% found sex education inadequate and 70% had not received contraceptive counselling from a healthcare professional — counselling that would typically include cancer risk information. Over 50% expressed a need for a dedicated contraceptive helpline. Conclusion: Knowledge gaps, societal myths, and stigma continue to hinder the widespread acceptance and correct use of contraceptives in urban India. Addressing misinformation through compreh…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Contraception, Awareness, Urban India, Stigma, Hpv, Cervical Cancer, Oral Contraceptive Pill, Cancer Risk, Condom Use, Knowledge Gaps, Sexual Health, Family Planning
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Suhani Chadha*, Dr. Tanya Buckshee Rohatgi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-05-30
publication date: 2026-05-30
starting page: 431
ending page: 434
doi: 10.66838/J.Carcinog.25.1.431-434

Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Melanoma: Who and When? A Literature Review
type: item
description: Melanoma is the mostdeadly form of skin cancer globally and causes considerable morbidity if not detected early. Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNBx) is an important staging technique used to guide prognosis and therapy; however, its application in thin and thick melanomas remains controversial. This review examines evidence from studies identified through PubMed, Cochrane Review, and Google Scholar that address SLNBx techniques, outcomes, and indications. The findings indicate that SLNBx should be considered standard practice for intermediate-thickness melanomas (1.0–4.0 mm). In thin melanomas (<1.0 mm), it should be used selectively in patients with high-risk pathological features, while in thick melanomas (>4.0 mm), it provides staging value, although its impact on survival remains unclear. The MSLT-I trial demonstrated improved disease-free survival with early nodal treatment in sentinel node–positive patients with intermediate-thickness melanoma. In conclusion, SLNBx is a valuable tool in melanoma management and should be applied based on tumor thickness and associated risk factors.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Melanoma, Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy, Lymphatic Mapping, Tumor Thickness, Clinical Algorithm, Staging
  topic: keywords
creator: Shilpa Gopinath, Mike N Lacher
creator: Elaine S Cyrus, Ulrich Rodeck, Richard Wang
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2014-05-25
publication date: 2014-05-25
doi: 10.66838/

AI-Driven Mendelian Randomization for Biomarker Discovery in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review of Precision Medicine Approaches
type: item
description: Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) still represents a heterogeneous autoimmune disease where the predictability of biomarkers is an important early step that is pivotal in personalized therapy. Mendelian randomization (MR) provides causal estimates of candidate biomarkers, despite the possible limitation of traditional MR with weak instruments and pleiotropy. Recent advances of artificial intelligence (AI) into MR processes hold the promise of better instrument selection and model stability, potentially revolutionizing precision medicine regarding RA. Objective: To perform a systematic review and synthesize of evidence about the application of AI-enhanced Mendelian randomization (AI-MR) to identify and confirm diagnoses and prognostic biomarkers in RA. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of science, Scopus, Cochrane library, IEE Xplorer and Google Scholar were searched systematically due to publications during 2012 to March 2025. Qualified articles used AI-based feature selection or pleiotropy-control of MR-based biomarker prioritization applications in RA. Two independent reviewers screened and extracted the data. The quality of the methodology was assessed with the help of ROBINS-I and QUADAS-2 and PRISMA 2020 guidelines were adhered to. Random-effects meta-analysis combined odds ratios (ORs), sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve (AUC). Correlation analysis was used to examine relationships between characteristics of study design and predictive accuracy. Results: Of the initial 4,615 records, 34 studies were included and they included 7,200 RA cases and 11,000 controls in multi-ethnic cohorts. Instruments were reinforced using AI techniques that included LASSO, elastic net, random forest, and deep neural pleiotropy filters ( median F-statistic 34). Combined diagnostic performance of AI-MR biomarker panels was sensitivity 0.81 (95% CI 0.770.85) specificity 0.79 (95% CI 0.740.83) and AUC 0.86. IL-6, TNF and IL-1b had the strongest causal information (averag…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Rheumatoid arthritis; precision medicine; artificial intelligence; Mendelian randomization; biomarkers; causal inference; machine learning.
  topic: keywords
creator: Md Ahnaf Tajwar Kamal, Saima Akter Shikha
creator: Nawfat Kamal Munifa, Elton Bicalho do Carmo
creator: Khandaker Ataur Rahman, Daniel Benniah John
creator: Aktaruzzaman Azad, Md Rubel Mia
creator: Anik Biswas, Niladry Chowdhury
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2025-12-25
publication date: 2025-12-25
starting page: 758
ending page: 771
doi: 10.66838/J.Carcinog.24.10s.758-771

Validation of LLM-Based Data Curation for Oncology Clinical Trials: A Review encompassing comparison with Manual Abstraction
type: item
description: The quick growth of clinical data in oncology research has made it difficult to extract and manage data which needs to be processed for clinical trials. The medical field considers manual curation to be the highest standard but its use has become restricted because of time and financial requirements and difficulties with different people judging the same material. Large Language Models (LLMs) which belong to artificial intelligence research work as effective automatic systems which can extract data from unstructured clinical documents that include electronic health records and pathology reports and clinical narratives. This review assesses how well LLMs perform data curation in oncology clinical trials by comparing their results to those of manual data curation processes. This research project has been collecting current evidence about accuracy and efficiency and scalability and reliability and cost-effectiveness of the solution. The study examined validation frameworks together with ethical matters and difficulties which arise during system implementation. Existing studies demonstrate that LLM-based approaches achieve high concordance with manual curation while dramatically reducing processing time and resource utilization. The system suffers from multiple problems which include data heterogeneity and difficulties with understanding data and bias issues and challenges from regulatory bodies. Hybrid human-AI models appear to be the most viable approach for near-term clinical integration. The review presents major advancements in research while showing existing research deficiencies and giving recommendations about how to use LLM-based systems in oncology clinical trial operations.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Karnaditya Rana, Shashidar Reddy Abbidi,
creator: Debashree Sinha, Shalmali Joshi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-05-19
publication date: 2026-05-19
starting page: 422
ending page: 430
doi: 10.66838/J.Carcinog.25.1.422-430

A Theoretical Exploration of the Psychosomatic Impact of COVID-19 on Women
type: item
description: This theoretical research examines how the COVID-19 pandemic intensified psychosomatic experiences among women. Psychosomatism—the manifestation of psychological stress through physical symptoms—is deeply influenced by biopsychosocial and gender-role dynamics. Drawing on established theories such as the Biopsychosocial Model, Gender Role Theory, Stress-Diathesis Model, and Trauma-Stress Response Theory, this paper conceptualises why women experienced heightened psychosomatic distress during the pandemic. It argues that the pandemic magnified structural inequalities, emotional labour, domestic responsibilities, and caregiving roles, leading to greater mind–body conflict and physical symptom expression. As a theoretical exploration, the study synthesises interdisciplinary perspectives to understand women’s psychosomatic vulnerability in crisis contexts.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Meher Bachher
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-05-19
publication date: 2026-05-19
starting page: 415
ending page: 421
doi: 10.66838/J.Carcinog.25.1.415-421

Integrative Insights into Agni Dysregulation and Thyroid Hypofunction: Narrative Review
type: item
description: Introduction: In Ayurveda, Agni(digestive/metabolic factors) is regarded as the central regulatory force in maintaining physiological homeostasis. It is responsible for the digestion, absorption, assimilation and transformation of food into Dhatus(body tissues). Agnimandya (Impairment of Agni) is considered the root cause of most diseases. Ashtanaga Hridaya has quoted “Rogau Sarve Api Mandagnau” Which means disturbance in Agni due to improper diet, lifestyle and stress contributes to the development of dysbiosis, leading to various organ system diseases. Although, thyroid gland and its disorders are not explicitly referenced in Ayurvedic texts, the clinical features of hypothyroidism such as fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, and mental sluggishness closely correlate with the derangement of Agni, Kapha Dosha and Rasadhatu. Materials and Methods: A narrative review was conducted using classical Ayurvedic texts and contemporary scientific literature. Electronic databases including PubMed and the AYUSH Research Portal were searched using predefined keywords related to Ayurveda, Hypothyroidism, Agni AND homeostasis and Ayurveda AND thyroid disorders. English-language review and clinical studies were included. Reference lists of selected articles were also screened. Result: The review highlights that digestion is governed by Jatharagni and Panchabhautika Agni, while Dhatvagni facilitates molecular transformation of nutrients into Dhatus through Prasada (nutrient) and Kitta (waste) formation. Balanced Jatharagni and Dhatvagni are essential for proper tissue growth, metabolism, and nutrients transport at the cellular level. Findings suggest that hypothyroidism reflects a state of Agnimandya, particularly involving Rasadhatvagni, with predominant Kapha aggravation and sluggish metabolic activity. This imbalance disrupts Srotasa (bodily channels), leading to systemic dysfunction. Conclusion: Understanding hypothyroidism through Agni imbalance offers an integrative frame…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Agni, Agnimandya, Hypothyroidism, Homeostasis, Rasadhatvagni.
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Pradeep H S, Dr. Bhagat, Dr. Swati N. Khandale
creator: Dr. Swati N. Khandale
creator: Dr. Samyaka
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2024-12-25
publication date: 2024-12-25
starting page: 1024
ending page: 1028
doi: 10.66838/J.Carcinog.23.1.1024-1028

Machine Learning–Based Predictive Models For Outcomes After Metabolic Bariatric Surgery: Accuracy, Validation, And Clinical Utility — A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis
type: item
description: Background: To predict clinical outcomes, including weight-loss outcomes, diabetes remission, and postoperative safety, the use of machine learning (ML) predictive models is increasingly popular in metabolic bariatric surgery (MBS). However, these models possess lower predictive accuracy, external validity and clinical utility. Methods: We divided the PRISMA 2020 guidelines on how to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis. PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library (January 2015-September 2024) were detailed searched to identify the literature that developed or validated the ML models to predict the postoperative outcomes in the MBS patients. Data on the nature of the studies (type of surgical procedure, type of model, performance measures [area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUROC], accuracy, calibration], method of validation, and risk of bias [ PROBAST] were independently screened and extracted by two reviewers. Random-effects meta-analyses involved the utilization of the AUROC and accuracy along with the key outcomes consideration; I 2 and Cochran’s Q were used to measure heterogeneity whereas funnel plot and Egger test were used to measure publication bias. Results: 34 studies, with 42185 patients, were considered. The most common were the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (52) and sleeve gastrectomy (41). The commonly used algorithms were the logistic regression, random forest, gradient boosting, and neural networks. The high-weight-loss-success, diabetes-remission, and prediction of complications had a high pooled discriminative performance: 0.83 (95% CI, 0.80786 I 2 = 58%), 0.81 (95% CI, 0.77884 I 2 = 61%), and 0.79 (95% CI, 0.74884 I 2 = 55%) respectively. Only 35 percent of the studies the external validation was only done in and had a marginally lower AUROC compared to internal validation (0.79 vs. 0.84, p = 0.04). Calibration reporting and clinical utility analysis was not widespread. The total threat of bias was mediu…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Machine learning; predictive modeling; metabolic bariatric surgery; weight-loss success; diabetes remission; postoperative complications; external validation; systematic review; meta-analysis.
  topic: keywords
creator: Saima Akter Shikha, Iftiaz Ahmed Alfi, Daniel Benniah John
creator: Md Ahnaf Tajwar Kamal, Nawfat Kamal Munifa
creator: Elton Bicalho do Carmo, Umme Sumaya Suravi
creator: Mahedy Hasan Raihan, Nure Alam Howlader, Abdullah Al Masud
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2024-12-25
publication date: 2024-12-25
starting page: 1013
ending page: 1023
doi: 10.66838/J.Carcinog.23.1.1013-1023

Lifespan Variabilities in Electrooculography Parameters: Role of Sex-Linked Hormonal Profiles and Neural Maturation
type: item
description: Purpose: Electrooculography (EOG) serves as a vital non-invasive technique for neuro-ophthalmological diagnostics and human-computer interface (HCI) development, yet its parameters may vary with demographic and physiological factors. Methods: This prospective study enrolled 50 healthy participants, stratified by age into three groups: child/adolescent (12–22 years, n=20), adult (23–40 years, n=24), and a pilot elderly group (≥40 years, n=6). EOG signals were recorded using a BIOPAC MP36 system, adhering to protocols informed by International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision (ISCEV) standards for electro-oculography. Standardized tasks assessed saccadic latency, blink dynamics, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in horizontal and vertical planes. In adult females (n=12), menstrual cycle phase was determined via serum progesterone (≥3 ng/mL for luteal) and estradiol assays, synchronized with testing. Results: Adolescents exhibited significantly higher saccadic latency variability (210±30 ms; p=0.03 versus adults) and 40% lower vertical SNR, reflecting immature oculomotor control. Adult women in the luteal phase showed an 18% reduction in horizontal SNR (p=0.04), with estradiol levels inversely correlating with fixation duration (Spearman ρ=−0.58, p<0.05). Elderly participants demonstrated prolonged saccadic latency (p_adj=0.01) and 30% reduced blink amplitude compared to adults, indicating age-related declines in EOG signal quality. Conclusions: Age, gender, and menstrual cycle-related hormonal fluctuations systematically modulate key EOG parameters. These findings underscore the need for demographic-specific normative data in clinical electrophysiology and adaptive HCI applications, aligning with ISCEV recommendations for standardized interpretation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Oculomotor Electrophysiology, Neuro-Ophthalmology, Saccadic Latency, Blinking Dynamics, Signal-To-Noise Ratio, Demographic Factors, Age Effects, Sex Differences, Ethnicity.
  topic: keywords
creator: Cuneyt Karaarslan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2023-12-25
publication date: 2023-12-25
starting page: 227
ending page: 232
doi: 10.66838/J.Carcinog.22.2.227-232

Epidemiology and Treatment Outcomes of Lymphoma in Karbala, Iraq: Insights from a Retrospective Analysis
type: item
description: Background: Lymphoma is a heterogeneous group of hematologic malignancies whose clinical behaviour and outcomes are variable. Local epidemiological data is needed to inform local management plans and maximize patient care in resource-limited environments. Objective: To assess the clinical features, modalities of treatment and outcome of lymphoma patients treated in oncology centres in Karbala and to examine the epidemiological trends of the study period. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was done on the medical records of 120 histopathologically confirmed patients with lymphoma who were diagnosed and treated in Karbala. Descriptive statistics were used to extract and analyse the demographic, clinical, and staging data, treatment data, and outcome data. Findings: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) was found to be 69.2 percent and Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) was found to be 30.8 percent. Fifty-five percent of the patients were reported to have advanced-stage disease (Ann Arbor stages III–IV). Fifty two and five percent of patients who received conventional first-line regimens achieved complete remission (CR). Later stage and high serum LDH were linked to poor prognosis. The total mortality during the period of data collection amounted to 25%. Conclusion: NHL predominates and high burden of advanced presentation at diagnosis is characteristic of lymphoma in Karbala. This needs enhancement of early detection programmes, development of diagnostic infrastructure, and establishment of formal regional lymphoma registries to improve survival outcomes across the Middle Euphrates region.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Lymphoma, Epidemiology, Treatment Outcomes, Retrospective Analysis.
  topic: keywords
creator: Karrar Kadhim Mohsin
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2022-12-15
publication date: 2022-12-15
starting page: 77
ending page: 84
doi: 10.66838/J.Carcinog.21.2.77-84

Safety and Efficacy of First Arterial Approach in Management of Pancreatic Head Carcinoma
type: item
description: Objective: This prospective investigation sought to assess the technical safety, possibility, & effect of the first arterial approach(FAA) throughout PD for pancreatic head adenocarcinoma on R0 resection rates, loss of blood during operation, duration of operation, as well as early detection of unresectable illness. Patients and Methods: 100 consecutive cases having a PD for pancreatic head adenocarcinoma at Al-Azhar University Hospitals (Jan 2023–Dec 2024) usually utilized the FAA, involved the 1st dissection & control of the common hepatic artery & SMA prior to venous dissection or pancreatic transection. 1ry results included R0 resection rate, operative time, loss of blood during operation, and proportion of early diagnosis of unresectability. 2ry results comprised postoperative complications (bleeding, delayed gastric emptying, pancreatic fistula) & short-term survival. Results: FAA was technically viable in all instances. An R0 resection has been done in eighty-eight percent(88/100) of cases. Mean loss of blood during the operation was 350±120 milliliter; mean operative time was 380±75 minutes. Unresectable illness has been detected early in ten percent (10/100) of cases, avoiding additional wide dissection. Clinically relevant pancreatic fistula(Grade B/C) was fifteen percent, bleeding following pancreatectomy was seven percent, & delayed gastric emptying was 18%. The death rate within 30-days was 2%. Conclusion: FAA in pancreatic head carcinoma is a safe and effective method for early resectability assessment, enhancing R0 resection rates, avoiding unnecessary dissection in unresectable cases, and demonstrating acceptable perioperative results, thereby warranting its implementation in specialized environments.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Pancreaticoduodenectomy, Pancreatic Cancer, Superior Mesenteric Artery, Pancreatic Fistula, First Arterial Approach.
  topic: keywords
creator: Ahmed Elsayed Abdelrahman, Tamer A. Abouelgreed
creator: Sawsan Soliman, Hany Abdelfatah Elhady
creator: Mahmoud E. Nagaty, Ahmed F. Elhossainy
creator: Mohamed I. Shalamesh, Alsayed B. Moghazy
creator: Mohamed A. Nafea, Esam M. Osman, Mohammed Abbas
creator: Mohamed Hassan Elkaseer, Mohamed Mahdy
creator: Mahmoud A. El-Hussieny, Mohammed M. Elrefaey
creator: Mahmoud S. Shehata, Mohammad Thabet Alnajem
creator: Lamiaa Saad Khalil, Abd El_fattah Al Sheikh, Ahmed Lamey
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2025-08-13
publication date: 2025-08-13
starting page: 159
ending page: 165
doi: 10.66838/J.Carcinog.24.2.159-165

Accuracy of computer-aided indirect bonding using hard resin trays
type: item
description: Objective Many computer-aided solutions for indirect bonding have been proposed to increase the accuracy of bracket placement. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of bracket placement using hard three-dimensional (3D) printed transfer trays. Method: Virtual bracket placement was performed on digitally scanned upper arches; transfer trays were virtually designed and 3D-printed using hard resin material. The transfer trays were used to indirectly bond one hundred brackets on the patients’ upper arches. The actual bracket positions were scanned after bonding, and virtual versus actual models were superimposed to measure linear and angular deviations from the planned positions. Result: The mean linear transfer errors were 0.315 ±0.025 mm mesiodistally and 0.366 ±0.014 mm occlusogingivally, with brackets tending toward distal and incisal positions. Angular errors averaged 1.632° ±0.091° for tip and 1.245° ±0.069° for rotation, showing directional bias toward clockwise tipping and mesial-in rotation compared to the planned positions. Conclusion: Indirect bonding with 3D-printed hard trays provides clinically acceptable accuracy in transferring bracket positions from the virtual setup to the patient’s dentition in both linear and angular dimensions
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Tarek Hamdy Ali, Dr. Ahmed Mohamed Kilany,
creator: Mahmoud Mohamed Salah Eldin
creator: Prof. Dr. Saleh Anwar El-sayed Saleh
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2024-11-30
publication date: 2024-11-30
starting page: 1007
ending page: 1012
doi: 10.66838/J.Carcinog.23.1.1007-1012

Socio Economic Benefits of Bamboo Livelihood and Rural Development
type: item
description: By generating jobs, raising incomes, empowering local communities, and fostering environmental sustainability, bamboo-related occupations offer significant socioeconomic advantages for rural development. For rural residents, bamboo farming and associated businesses offer a steady source of income. These businesses can build infrastructure and support livelihoods in remote areas. Nutrition, health, education, and quality of life are all positively impacted by more income. This prevents rural residents from migrating to cities in search of employment, helping to preserve local culture in rural areas. Women's socioeconomic standing in society is enhanced by their direct contribution to raising family income. In rural areas, the growth of bamboo businesses often leads to the development of infrastructure, including improved utilities and roads. In addition to making bamboo a sustainable alternative material for infrastructure development, a planned, scientific, and comprehensive approach to bamboo cultivation, processing, and management can significantly contribute to the revitalization of rural and national economies for farmers. The majority of infrastructure demands in developing nations will be satisfied by the adoption and application of technology suitable for bamboo and its products. This chapter examines the socioeconomic advantages of bamboo, with a focus on its contributions to rural development and livelihood security. Bamboo has been identified as a possible tool for socioeconomic development due to its quick growth, perceived environmental benefits, promising material properties, and wide range of applications.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: HPV, cervical cancer, vaccine, knowledge, attitude, practice, India
  topic: keywords
creator: Chhaya Singh, Vivek Rawat
creator: Vikash Pratap Singh, Neeraj Aswal
creator: Neha Chauhan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2024-02-28
publication date: 2024-02-28
starting page: 997
ending page: 1006
doi: 10.66838/J.Carcinog.23.1.997-1006