Self Awareness Behaviour Model in Controlling Blood Sugar Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Based on Animated Video Media

Abstract

Introduction: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a global health issue with a steadily increasing prevalence. The ability to self-manage effectively, supported by enhanced patient awareness, is paramount in ensuring optimal blood sugar control and averting complications. Animated videos grounded in local wisdom have the potential to serve as an effective educational intervention, especially in regions with limited access to health information.

Aim: This study aims to develop a behavioural model of self-awareness in controlling blood sugar levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, based on animated video media in coastal areas.

Method: The research design used was a quasi-experiment with a Nonequivalent Control Group Design approach. The population of this study were T2DM patients in Riau Province, with a sample of 600 people selected using purposive sampling technique. The instruments used were questionnaires and animated videos as treatment. Data were analysed using Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and path analysis.

Results: Animated videos significantly increased self-awareness among DMT2 patients regarding blood sugar control across all study regions. Wilcoxon test results showed statistical significance (p < 0.05) in all regions. The Z-values and p-values for each region are as follows: Pekanbaru (Z = -7.773, p < 0.0005), Pelalawan (Z = -3.776, p < 0.0005), Dumai (Z = -2.933, p = 0.003), Bagan (Z = -4.183, p < 0.0005), and Bengkalis (Z = -3.977, p < 0.0005). However, in Siak, the Wilcoxon test results were not significant (Z = -1.144, p = 0.253). The overall effect of the intervention was classified as weak, as indicated by the low R Square values (0.04 - 0.10).

Conclusion: The animated video intervention is effective in improving self-awareness of T2DM patients in urban and coastal areas. However, the low R Square value indicates that other factors besides the animated video intervention also play an important role in patient self-awareness. Further research is needed to identify and quantify these factors.